Structures and Architecture: Beyond Their Limits

ISBN-13: 9781138026513 / Angielski / Twarda / 2016 / 432 str.

Paulo J. Da Sousa Cruz

Opis

Although the disciplines of architecture and structural engineering have both experienced their own historical development, their interaction has resulted in many fascinating and delightful structures. To take this interaction to a higher level, there is a need to stimulate the inventive and creative design of architectural structures and to persuade architects and structural engineers to further collaborate in this process, exploiting together new concepts, applications and challenges. This set of book of abstracts and full paper searchable CD-ROM presents selected papers presented at the 3rd International Conference on Structures and Architecture Conference (ICSA2016), organized by the School of Architecture of the University of Minho, Guimaraes, Portugal (July 2016), to promote the synergy in the collaboration between the disciplines of architecture and structural engineering. The set addresses all major aspects of structures and architecture, including building envelopes, comprehension of complex forms, computer and experimental methods, concrete and masonry structures, educating architects and structural engineers, emerging technologies, glass structures, innovative architectural and structural design, lightweight and membrane structures, special structures, steel and composite structures, the borderline between architecture and structural engineering, the history of the relationship between architects and structural engineers, the tectonics of architectural solutions, the use of new materials, timber structures and more. The contributions on creative and scientific aspects of the conception and construction of structures, on advanced technologies and on complex architectural and structural applications represent a fine blend of scientific, technical and practical novelties in both fields. This set is intended for both researchers and practitioners, including architects, structural and construction engineers, builders and building consultants, constructors, material suppliers and product manufacturers, and other experts and professionals involved in the design and realization of architectural, structural and infrastructural projects."

Spis treści

KEYNOTE LECTURESInnovation in architectural steelT. BoakeBridges and viaducts between engineering and architectureE. SivieroGlass challenges – past, present, and future J. O’CallaghanMaterials science, bridging the gap between architecture, architectural engineering and structural engineering F. Veer TECHNICAL CONTRIBUTIONS Mini-Symposium & Special Session New wood and bio-based constructionOverview on the structural performance of timber structures under the effects of blast loading – research and design considerations D. Lacroix, C. Viau, D. Côté, M. Poulin, A. Lopez & G. DoudakWall elements made of timber andWood-Cement Compounds – building-physical properties and structural performance D. Zwicky & N. MacchiSlab elements made of timber andWood-Cement Compounds – structural and other performances M. Eymard & D. ZwickyFunction and design of innovative bio-based products for the building sector A. Falk & M. WålinderBeech LVL – high strength material for engineered timber structures H. Blass, M. Frese & M. Enders-CombergExperimental campaign of mechanical CLT connections subjected to a combination of shear and tension forces L. Pozza, M. Massari, M. Savoia & B. FerracutiExperimental analysis of a new connection system for CLT structures A. Polastri, R. Brandner & D. CasagrandeNumerical analyses of high- and medium-rise CLT buildings braced with cores and additional shear walls A. Polastri, L. Pozza, C. Loss & I. SmithBio-based structural building components grown into near net shape F. Moser, M. Trautz, A. Beger, M. Löwer, J. Feldhusen, J. Prell, J. Reimer, A.Wormit, B. Usadel, C. Kämpfer, T. Seiler & H. HollertPourable wood-cement compounds – properties, potential and challenges of a new structural material N. Macchi & D. ZwickyCan CLT construction help Copenhagen become world’s first carbon neutral city? D. Horswill & T. NielsenEnergy and seismic performance of timber buildings in Mediterranean region A. Polastri, G. Poh’siè, I. Paradisi & J. RatajczakA new dissipative connection for CLT buildings L. Marchi, D. Trutalli, R. Scotta, L. Pozza &A. Ceccotti Everyday tectonicsEveryday tectonics? – clarification of concepts A. Beim & M. HvejselA didactic of tectonics N. CoweeConstructing and construing environmental sensations I. FogedAuxiliary architectures – the everyday potential of supplementary textile architectures M. Hensel & D. HenselTectonic transformations. Reclaiming everyday architecture C. BundgaardThe tectonics of recycling U. MadsenInvestigations on cultural ecology of industrial timber construction – through tectonic understanding of new wood materials K. SundahlTensegrity systems – transferring tectonics from the extraordinary to the everyday M. Hensel, G. Bover, J. Hoen, S. da Cunha & S. SørensenThe ecology of urban tectonics – studied in everyday building culture of Hans Christian Hansen A. Beim & M. Hvejsel Performance aided assisted designBuilding timber gridshells with air: Numerical simulations and technique challenges A. Liuti, A. Pugnale & B. d’AmicoSpecialised algorithms for different project stages in a post-formed timber gridshell design S. Pone, G. Mirra, E. Pignatelli, D. Lancia & S. ColabellaComputation tools for the design of a deployable dome structure D. Lee, O. Larsen & S. KimTransformable bending-active structures: Manipulating elastic deformation in kinetic and rapidly assembled structures S. Brancart, L. De Laet & N. de TemmermanGenerative material simulation: Contemporary trends in parametric structural design J. RippleAdvances in design and fabrication of free-form reciprocal structures D. Parigi The authority of the structureThe art of structure J. SchwartzNational technical library Prague – building as a technical textbook O. HofmeisterHow to re-open the black box in the structural design of complex geometries K. Verbeeck, L. Loos, L. De Laet & L. MullerTrended structures – on the authority of the load-bearing structure N. Graber & C. SteigerHomage – source of inspiration M. Schlaich Reinforced ice structures: in the footsteps of Da Vinci and CandelaHistorical development of structural ice A. Pronk, N. Vasiliev & J. BelisCompressive strength of ice and cellulose-ice composite P.J.S. Cruz & J. BelisTechnical installations to enable the construction of the “Juuka in ice” project 2016 J. van den ElzenDesign of Da Vinci’s bridge in ice A. Pronk, R. Blok, M. van Brunschot, A. van Lier, F. van de Mortel, K.Williams, M. Arntz, L. Hermens, R. Koekkoek &T. van den NieuwenhofReinforced ice structures: In the footsteps of Candela J. Belis, B. Ronsse, K. Martens, B. van Lancker, P.J.S. Cruz & G. DeruyterOn-site geometrical measurements of an experimental ice composite shell through TLS and photogrammetry G. Deruyter, K. Fransen, H. Glas & J. Belis Teaching architecture in full scale – woodModels in 1:1 – a powerful education and research tool for bridging the gap between architects and engineers O. Popovic-LarsenFrom best practices to tactical design P. TidwellPhases of intensive design and build workshops in architectural education P. Aalto & S. RintalaLearn-by-making and its role in architectural education – examples from Sweden and Australia D. BylundFull scale in four months – objectives, methods and results J. Siem, B. Braaten & A. Gilberg Teaching architecture in full scale – regional materialsMaterial, structure, tectonics: The power of full scale in the education of architects U. Meister & C. Rist-StadelmannConstructing things for constructing other things T. BerlemontAn inclusive aesthetic approach to full scale building N. Haarsaker & G. BrenkLearning at the scale of “real life”. New pedagogical ideas for teaching architecture M. SpaanBuilding culture written into the landscape – how to read spatial tradition J. BoruckaListening to the material. An intuitive approach to the knowledge ofconstruction materials R. FarréDidactic concepts within teaching architecture in one to one scale – two cases F. Hakonsen, M.Waagaard, A. Gilberg & J. Siem Beyond disciplinesShared parameters: Interfaces of collaborative exchange J. RippleAECO:Web based collaborative digital design M. NaugleInterdisciplinary synergy R. Roesling & B. NuttallBlurring boundaries through interdisciplinary engagement M. Mistur On the tectonics in architectureHeinz Hossdorf: The innovation of “mixed rims” in the thin concrete shells of modern architecture P. CassinelloThe “question of the technique”: From the designing idea to the realized form R. Panei, P. Trovalusci & A. TinelliStructural design and aesthetics of infrastructures in natural and artificial environments M. PascaFoldable geometries for architectural applications: Tectonics and material expression K. Liapi, A. Ioannidi & E. SpyridonosRevisiting the form finding techniques of Sergio Musmeci: The bridge over the Basento river P. Magrone, G. Tomasello, S. Adriaenssens, S. Gabriele & V. VaranoA two-stage approach for the design of grid shells E. Grande, M. Imbimbo & V. TomeiThree-dimensional lower-bound analysis of masonry structures P. Foti, A. Fraddosio, N. Lepore & M. PiccioniStructure and form. Changes of state in architecture – from modern to contemporary A. Russo General Contributions Building envelopesNew equipment for new technology: Fixing systems for thin, Textile Reinforced Concrete façades M. RoikMashrabiya reinvented: Double façades, Persian Gulf style T. BoakeReconstruction of roof decks of large roofs as a result of a synergy between technical and architectural solutions V. Tichomirov, K. Landl & D. BeˇckovskýFaçade modernisation for retrofitting existing buildings to achieve nearly zero energy buildings S. Zuhaib, M. Hajdukiewicz, M. Keane & J. GogginsStructural laminated bamboo passive house M. TaylorApplication of simple surface climate models for modelling mould growth on wooden façades T. Thiis, I. Burud, D. Kraniotis & L. GobakkenAn oak composite thermal dynamic envelope I. Foged & A. PasoldExternal musculature: The façade in the works of Ignacio Álvarez Castelao P. CuetoUnderstanding the complexities of building physics and human behaviour in achieving a nearly zero energy building P. Moran M. Hajdukiewicz & J. GogginsThermal behaviour of reinforced concrete and brick masonry structures. A case studyM. Molina-Huelva, A. Barrios-Padura & P. Fernández-Ans Computer and experimental methodsDesigning a slender footbridge based on a passive control algorithm J. Jiménez-Alonso, A. Díaz &A. SáezFree form surfaces construction with precast pieces and minimum formwork P. Vegas & A. BernabeuGenetically enhanced parametric design in the exploration of architectural solutions P. von BuelowDynamic analysis of a modern cable-stayed footbridge J. Dulinska & I. MurzynOptimization of stadium roof structure using force density method M. Uroš, P. Gidak & D. Lazarevi´c Concept architectural buildings/Futuristic structuresSun, sea, sand and architectural structures R. Rahman & M. DaudRotoreliefs, definitively unfinished: From constructivism experiences to his legacy in progress, 1915–1998 C. García Concrete and masonry structuresThe structure of the external lift at the Port of Ribadeo, Galicia, Spain J. ValcárcelForm and structure in the Cathedral of Cuzco H. Rodríguez-CamilloniAssessment of masonry buildings subjected to landslide by Strut-and-Tie Models F. Palmisano &A. EliaBeyond the funicular: Exploiting untapped potentials in masonry construction E. JannaschGraphical methods for the design of masonry arches: The case of Luis Moya Blanco’s Nuestra Señora de la Araucana in Madrid, 1972 L. Todisco, S. Rojo & C. FivetInfluence of the wall shape on the collapse of arch-wall systems D. Aita, R. Barsotti & S. BennatiPrefabricated planar elements for reinforced brick shells A. Pick, S. Schäfer & J. ReisingSafety assessment of masonry structures based on modern methods and technologies C. Dragomir, M. Calin, S. Purdoiu, A. Virsta & R. ManeaIn the Arabian Gulf maintenance is the key to sustainability M. SamaraiSustainable construction through eco-efficient ultra-high performance concrete I. Ferdosian &A. Camões Educating architects and structural engineersAdvanced structural understanding: Load path and structural function revised L. LuytenA comparative study of the physical model as a tool for structural education L. Luyten, T. Vilquin, I. Vrouwe & E. VerstryngeBlending structural application into architectural design studios M. Callahan, S. Shadravan & C. LeinneweberArchitect in residence: Pursuing integrated design within engineering T. NeesA structuralist view of prefabrication A. Correia, L. da Silva & V. MurtinhoEffective assignments and haptic teaching methods in architectural structure R. Schwaen & R. ArltBridge Design; Education and research in the field of integral, innovative, sustainable bridge design at TU Delft J. SmitsBehavior of building structures: Study through models of relevant architecture E. Fenollosa, I. Cabrera, A. Almerich & V. LlopisIn search of the lunar catenary: Teaching form-active design with lower mathematics E. JannaschDrawing in the engineering design process: Learning from the first 150 years of modern engineering E. Brito, R. Póvoas & P. ProvidênciaStructural engineering in architectural studies at CTU Prague M. Vavruskova & M. PospisilThe relationship between structure, architecture, and cost of building based on conceptual design of cable-stayed footbridge S. SkibickiThe teaching of structural engineering – a practical approach L. Houck & T. AurlienDesign and build studios in architectural education S. SandnessInverse investigations: Material definitions of structure and space M. DonofrioSTEM principles implementation in Building Technology education at Texas universities S. Toker-Beeson & R. AzariForces frozen: Hands-on exploration of structural ice shells C. Fivet & C. MuellerTectonics in the study abroad design studio S. Milovanovic-BertramA survey of structures education in North American schools of architecture R. Dermody, D. Oakley & M. UihleinCrossing boundaries: Blurring the lines between engineers and architects K. Dong & T. FowlerSketching as thinking: Structural concepts and design M. DunnA freehand method for analyzing certain spatial porticoes almost accurately A. Lacort Emerging technologiesSystematic case study on energy efficiency of existing Irish buildings using BIM in order to achieve nearly zero energy standards T. Ganguly, M. Hajdukiewicz, M. Keane & J. GogginsCombining structural Topology Optimization and Big Area Additive Manufacturing – a case study N. Nikolov & K. Fletcher Glass structuresThe behaviour of Fire Resistant glass under fire K. Machalická, M. Charvátová, M. Eliášová & P. KuklíkDurability of linear adhesive cold-formed steel-glass connections B. Van Lancker,W. De Corte & J. BelisSystem safety of statically indeterminate glass beams after failure K. Martens, R. Caspeele & J. BelisDeveloping the bundled glass column F. Oikonomopoulou, F. Veer, T. Bristogianni & R. NijsseA scientifically valid approach for determining the design strength and safety factor for Heat Strengthened glassF. VeerLateral and torsional stability of hybrid steel-glass beams I. Pravdová & M. Eliášová Innovative architectural and structural designOptimization methodology for cross-section size in moment-resisting frame design J. Xu, X. Lu & B. SpencerPedestrian bridge as public art: Detailing in exposed steel T. BoakeIntegrated complex shell structures made up of effectively transformed flat folded sheets J. AbramczykBending-active structures: A parametric analysis on decoding structural behavior and capacity K. Alexandrou & M. PhocasInnovative structural system consisting of CFT columns and precast concrete beams L. Bezerra, A. El Debs & M. El DebsBionic patterns in architectural structures N. Nawari &T. ChichugovaIs there a future for fabric-formed concrete structures? R. SchmitzSarajevo University library architectural and structural concept A.Paši´c, M. Hrasnica & F. Biberki´cEarly-stage integration of architectural and structural performance in a parametric multi-objective design tool N. Brown, J. Ochsendorf, C. Mueller & J. de OliveiraThe new MAAT in Lisbon. Using old methods to design contemporary architectural solutions E. Brito & R. FurtadoStructural system concept for twisted buildings M. PiekarskiIntegrating engineering and architecture S. SmithAn eco-friendly approach for enhancing rural archaeological heritage in Romania S. Bica, M. T˘am˘a¸san & C. M˘ar˘acineanuExternally post-tensioned structures: Validation through physical models L. Todisco & C. MuellerTopology optimization of photovoltaic panels as a factor in shaping structural system and architectural form R. Tarczewski & M. ´ Swie˛ciak‘COCOON’ a bamboo building with integration of digital design and low-tech construction L. Hansen & S. KimStudies in 3D topologies: Structural morphologies and grid shell structures I. LochnerMicro-mega – nature inspired structural patterns for tall buildings: Modeling, analysis, design G. Montuori, G. Perrella, M. Fraldi & E. Mele Lightweight and membrane structuresA simplified and robust material model for fabrics used in membrane structures J. Pargana & V. LeitãoThe newWarner Stand at Lord’s Cricket Ground: Innovative fabric roof structures S. Smith, A. Lerpiniere,W. Whitby, M. Trousdell & R. ZaraLightweight modular membrane structures for various applications S. Gellin & R. TarczewskiA case study for the use of structural textile cables in building M. Brocato & R. Zarcone Steel and composite structuresNew roles of the structure in the refurbishment of the architectural heritage: The MediaLab-Prado project J. Rey Rey & P.Vegas Structural design challengesBearing structure of a multi layered stone façade in cantilever of a 5 story residence in Athens M. KyriazisA yoga analogy in structural behaviour: Understanding versus computation J. Bernabeu & A. BernabeuLightweight steel intensive solutions for over-roofing of existing residential buildings A. Floricel, V. Ungureanu & M. Georgescu Tall buildingsWind tunnel tests around bluff-bodies of circular base to optimize space grid envelope structures for high-rise steel buildings R. SeñísAn engineer reads. Interpreting the Citylife Tower RdD1 structural design process through an essay of Italo Calvino E. Brito & R. FurtadoComparative evaluation of diagrid and braced tube structures for tall buildings K. MoonFaçade integrated structural damping systems for tall buildings K. MoonThe borderline between architecture and structural engineering When structure and architecture are interdependent M. SanvittoNew orders, in search of a new point-block diagram for Hong Kong O. OttevaereStructure as power: The case of the Matosinhos Market, Portugal, 1936–1953 J. Delgado & P. PintoArchitectural vs. structural constraints in urban multi-hazard safety assessment E. Georgescu, C. Gociman, I. Craifaleanu, T. Florescu, M. Georgescu & C. MoscuRailway stations – the borderline between architecture and structure E. KidoThe physical model in the structural studies of Robert Le Ricolais: “apparatus” or “hierogram” M. VrontissiHolistic integration versus separation and fragmentation in architecture D. Bijedic, R. Cahtarevic & S. HalilovicFormal and structural multiplicity in early truss design M. RinkeNew formal expectations. The dynamic alternative between the evident and the disturbing F. Suárez The history of the relationship between architects and structural engineersA study on the conservation of operating historical bridges – recent experiences in Japan H. IsohataTechnological changes and architecture: The case of APCER magazine, Portugal 1935–45 P. Pinto & J. DelgadoClaiming ground: The first structural engineering license in the United States M. UihleinStructural documentation of the Palace of Congress in Brasília J. Sánchez & E. da SilvaCollaboration between architects and structural engineers: A history of major successes and major failures J. Rey ReyBuilding modelling in historical perspective R. Tarczewski The tectonic of architectural solutions Carlo Scarpa and the search for gravity A. SchultzTectonic thinking on housing of modern architecture: Mies van der Rohe vs Alison and Peter Smithson A. Rodrigues & P. BaíaRe-envisioning the Knot: The Neil Astle House B. WrightsmanFrom Seia to Guimarães. Fernando Távora’s tectonic shift in the Sacor fuel stations E. FernandesTectonics and landscape: The structure of ground and atmosphere M. LaboyTectonic approaches in the design of concrete architecture in postwar Italy L. Ingold & M. RinkeAppropriate building physics in relation to the tectonic of architectural quality C. KristensenRecovering a broader understanding of tectonics. The case for the architectural potentials of sheet metal J. Holst & O. JacksonLe Corbusier’s Maison Dom-ino and John Habraken’s supports: Differences and similarities H. Ferreira, L. da Silva & V. Murtinho Timber structuresDevelopment of roofing grid structures with an orthogonal grid from glulam timber D. Loktev, I. Inzhutov, P. Melnikov, S. Deordiev & V. ZhadanovMass timber high-rise design, cost and schedule research: Competitive advantages of wood over concrete A. Jacobs, M. Timmers, J. Sundnes & A. BakerStructural performance of multi-story Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) buildings I. Lukacs & A. BjörnfotThe conceptual design of hybrid structures – theoretical and experimental research of external prestressed timber beams S. Miljanovi´c & M. ZlatarHybrid wood-based structural systems for multi-storey buildings C. Loss, M. Piazza & R. ZandoniniContrasting approaches to load-bearing timber structures A. Gianoli & R. Furrer Author index

O autorze

Paulo J.S. Cruz is Full Professor of Construction and Technology at the School of Architecture of the University of Minho. He is President of IDEGUI - Design Institute of Guimarães and Director of Lab2PT - Landscape, Heritage and Territory Laboratory as well as Head of studies on Product Design. He was President of the School of Architecture of the University of Minho (2004-2011) and Head of the Civil Engineering Department of the University of Minho (2003 & 2004). He graduated in Civil Engineering (1987) and received an MSc in Structural Engineering from the University of Porto, Portugal (1991) and obtained his PhD in Civil Engineering from the Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain (1995). Since 1987 he has conducted research in the domain of special structures. After his PhD he started in the field of “Steel and Composite Structures”, progressively devoting his research interests to the area of bridges, particularly concerning safety, inspection, assessment and monitoring. Since his involvement with the School of Architecture, he has bridged the gap between architecture and structural engineering, promoting the efficient use of the traditional materials and their judicious combination; exploring innovative technological, constructional and structural solutions and establishing effective collaborations with the construction industry.