Structural Clay Products

ISBN-13: 9783709184516 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 232 str.

W. E. Brownell

Opis

Structural clay products have had a place in the history of civilization like bread and cloth. Probably because the industry has been so commonplace in the lives of people, 1ittle has been written about it; even the history of its development is sketchy. There is no other book quite like this in publication at present, and it is prompted now because much general scientific knowledge can be, and is, applied to the manufacture of structural clay products. This book is an attempt to bring together in one place the basic sciences that can be useful in all of the processes and experiences of the clayworker. This volume was written primarily as a text to be used in courses for third and fourth year college students; however, there will be a broader interest in it by industrial foremen, engineers, architects, and scientists employed in the manu facture, research and use of structural clay products. It will also be a source of general information for those interested in entering the field. The treatment of the basic principles of clay products manufacturing and use is so general that even those interested in refractories, whitewares, and pottery may find many parts useful to them."

Spis treści

1. History and Classification.- 1.1. Early History.- 1.2. Industrial Revolution.- 1.3. Scientific Revolution.- 1.4. Classification of Structural Clay Products.- References.- 2. Mineralogical Composition of Structural Clay Products.- 2.1. Structure of Disilicate Minerals.- 2.2. Classification of Disilicate Minerals.- 2.3. Essential Minerals.- 2.4. Nonessential Minerals.- 2.5. Typical Compositions.- References.- 3. Raw Materials and Processing.- 3.1. Mining.- 3.1.1. Exploration for Raw Materials.- 3.1.2. Testing and Evaluation of Deposits.- 3.1.3. Mining Procedures.- 3 1 4 Mining Pollution Controls.- 3.2. Raw Material Processing.- 3.3. Particle-Size Distribution.- 3.4. Dust Pollution Controls.- 3.5. Blending and Additives.- References.- 4. Forming of Structural Clay Products.- 4.1. Structure and Properties of Water.- 4.2. Clay-Water Interaction.- 4.3. Plasticity of Clays.- 4.4. Plastic Forming Methods.- 4.4.1. Plasticity in Forming.- 4.4.2. Soft-Mud Process.- 4.4.3. Stiff-Mud Process.- 4.4.4. Plastic Pressing.- 4.4.5. Cutting of Extruded Columns.- 4.4.6. Automatic Hacking of Bricks.- 4.4.7. Dry-Press Forming.- References.- 5. Drying Process.- 5.1. Fundamentals of Drying Clay Bodies.- 5.2. Shrinkage, Stresses, and Strength.- 5.3. Practical Drying Schedules.- 5.4. Types of Dryers and Energy Sources.- 5.4.1. Periodic and Continuous Dryers.- 5.4.2. Energy Sources.- 5.5. Heat Balance in Dryers.- 5.6. Scum Development.- References.- 6. Firing Process.- 6.1. High-Temperature Reactions in Disilicate Minerals.- 6.2. Reactions in Typical Clay Bodies.- 6.3 Influences of Kiln Atmospheres.- 6.3.1. Kiln Atmospheres.- 6.3.2. Oxidation-Reduction.- 6.3.3. Oxidation of Carbon and Pyrite.- 6.3.4. Color Development and Control.- 6.4. Types of Kilns.- 6 5 Kiln Firing.- 6.6. Burner System.- 6.7. Cooling Stresses.- References.- 7. Decoration, Panels, and Packaging.- 7.1. Sanded Surfaces.- 7.2. Texturing of Extruded Bricks.- 7.3. Coating Decorations.- 7.3.1 Engobes and Slurries.- 7.3.2. Glazes.- 7.4. Panelling.- 7.5. Packaging.- References.- 8. Jointing of Vitrified Clay Sewer Pipe.- 8.1. Factory Installed Jointing Units.- 8.2. Requirements for Good Joints.- 8.3. Types of Compression Joints.- 8.3.1. Polyvinyl Chloride Joints.- 8.3.2. Polyester Joints.- 8.3.3. Polyurethane Joints.- 8.3.4. Jointing of Plain-End Pipes.- 8.4. Specifications and Tests for Vitrified Clay Pipe Joints.- References.- 9. Quality Control.- 9.1. Philosophy.- 9.2. Nature of the Quality-Control Program.- 9.3. Procedure.- 9.4. Statistical Approach.- References.- 10. Plant Layout and Design.- 10.1. Predesign Planning.- 10.2. Factors Affecting Plant Design.- 10 3 Planning for Starting the Plant.- References.- 11. Serviceability and Durability.- 11.1. Serviceability of Structural Clay Products.- 11.2. Durability of Bricks and Roofing Tiles.- 11.3. Durability of Sewer Pipes.- 11.4. Moisture Expansion.- 11.5. Bonding of Mortar to Bricks and Tiles.- 11 6 Efflorescence and Staining of Brickwork.- 11.7. Cleaning Brickwork.- References.- 12. Future Trends.- 12.1. Production.- 12.2. Technical Changes.- 12.3. Research of the Future.- 12 4 Summary.- References.