Stratospheric Ozone Depletion/Uv-B Radiation in the Biosphere

ISBN-13: 9783642788864 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 358 str.

R. Hilton Biggs; Margaret E. B. Joyner

Opis

Do changes in stratospheric ozone relate to changes in UV-B irradiance and do both relate to life on Earth? This volume presents the latest data available in the basic scientific disciplines associated with these questions. The key topics are the interactive factors between the various research elements and the measurements needed to both validate ozone depletion and monitor UV flux changes in the biosphere.

Spis treści

I. Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and Changes in UV-B Radiation in the Biosphere.- Tropospheric Chemistry Changes Due to Increased UV-B Radiation.- The Effect of Clouds on Ultraviolet Radiation.- Expected Changes in Irradiances, Particularly UV-B, in the Biosphere.- UV Radiation as Related to the Greenhouse Effect.- Thermophysical Properties of Environmentally Acceptable Refrigerants.- II. UV-B Radiation and Physiological and Biochemical Changes as Related to UV-B Radiation.- Physiological Changes in Plants Related to UV-B Radiation.- Exposure Response Curves Action Spectra and Amplification Factors.- Interaction Of UV-B Radiation and the Photosynthetic Process.- Biological Responses to UV-B Radiation Dosages.- Temporal and Fluence Responses of Tree Foliage to UV-B Radiation.- Ultraviolet-B Irradlance Measurements Under Field Conditions.- Effects of Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and Increased Levels of Ultraviolet Radiation On Subantarctic Forests and Western Patagonian Steppe: A Research Project.- DNA Damage Action Spectroscopy and DNA Repair in Intact Organisms: Alfalfa Seedlings.- UV-B-Inducible and Constitutive Genes that Mediate Repair and Toleration of UV-Damaged DNA in Arabidopsis Thaliana.- Molecular Genetics of Nucleotide Excision Repair in Eukaryotes.- Is UV-B a Hazard to Soybean Photosynthesis and Yield? Results of an Ozone/UV-B Interaction Study and Model Predictions.- III. Effects of UV-B Radiation on Aquatic Systems.- Aquatic Systems (Freshwater and Marine).- UV-B Effects on Aquatic Systems.- UV-Effects on the Nitrogen Metabolism of Marine Phyto-Plankton and Adaptation to UV Radiation.- Prevention of Ultraviolet Radiation Damage in Antarctic Marine Invertebrates.- Evaluation of Field Studies of UVB Radiation Effects on Antarctic Marine Primary Productivity.- IV. UV-B and Human Health.- Effects of UV-B Radiation on Human and Animal Health.- Epidemiology.- Environmental Effects on Human Health and Immune Responses.- UV-B Radiation and Photoimmunology.- V. Instrumentation and Methods to Measure Response.- Comparison of the Response of Soybean to Supplemental UV-B Radiation Supplied by Either Square-Wave or Modulated Irradiation Systems.- The Non-Scanning UV-B Spectrophotometer.- Stratospheric Ozone Depletion/UV Radiation—A Data and Information Access System.- IV. How UV-B Measurements Can be Coordinated.- Measurement and Instrument Coordination: Problems and Solutions.- Nato’s Program on the Science of Global Environmental Change.- Monitoring Surface UV-B Radiation from Space.- UV Spectroradiometric Monitoring in Polar Regions.- UV Radiation Monitoring in New Zealand.- The EC’s Step UV-B Program.- Total Ozone and UV-B Behavior in 1992/1993 at a Mto-Laittude Station.- The Athens Station for Atmospheric Ozone and Solar Radiation Monitoring.- High-Resolution Spectral UV Monitoring and Atmospheric Transfer Modeling in the Netherlands.- Ground-Based Monitoring Of UV-B Radiation in Canada.- The Canadian Ozone Watch and UV Index.- UV Monitoring Program at the U.S. Epa.- NOAA/EPA Surface Ultra-Violet Flux Index.- The Usda Global Change Research Program.- VI. Modeling.- Workshop on Modeling: Summary.- Plant Effects and Modeling Responses to UV-B Radiation.- The Use of Crops Simulation Models in the Economic Assessment of Global Environmental Change.- Modeling the Impacts Of UV-B Radiation on Ecological Interactions in Freshwater and Marine Ecosystems.- Modeling the Latitude-Dependent Increase in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Incidence as a Consequence of Stratospheric Ozone Depletion.- Modeling of Effects of UV-B Radiation on Animals.- Ozone Depletion and Skin Cancer Incidence: An Integrated Modeling Approach and Scenario Study.- UV-B Radiation and the Photosynthetic Process.- The Effects of UV-B Radiation on the Mammalian Immune System.- UV-B and the Irrigated Rice Ecosystem: Effects and Modeling Research.- What is the Question or Issue that Wont Go Away? An Informal Survey.

O autorze

Do changes in the stratospheric ozone effect the UV-B irradiance and do both effect the life on Earth?