Part I Introduction 1 The History of Strabismus Surgery Part II Strabismus Diagnosis and Surgical Planning Section 1 General Preoperative Evaluation Introduction: Surgical Planning—Gathering Data 2 The History and Examination in Strabismus 3 The Use of Testing, Consultants, and Intraoperative Assessment Section 2 Surgical Anatomy and Physiology and Surgical Principles 4 Surgical Anatomy of the Extraocular Muscles 5 Collagen and Healing 6 Injection of Eye Muscles to Treat Strabismus 7 Complications of Strabismus Surgery 8 The Inferior Oblique—Strabismus Diagnosis and Surgical Planning: Surgical Anatomy, Surgical Principles, and Wound Healing Section 3 Torsion and the Oblique Muscles 9 The Superior Oblique 10 Brown's Syndrome 11 Torsion Section 4 Inflammation and Strabismus 12 Thyroid Ophthalmopathy 13 Presumed Sinus-Related Strabismus 14 Pterygium and Strabismus Section 5 Strabismus Related to Central Nervous System Disorders 15 Duane's Syndrome 16 Dissociated Vertical Deviations 17 Nystagmus Surgery 18 Cranial Nerve Palsies Section 6 Orbital and Pulley Abnormalities 19 Displaced Muscles (Pulley Heterotopias) 20 Traumatic Strabismus: Direct Orbital and Muscle Trauma and Flap Tear Part III Surgical Techniques Section 1 General Principles and Classic Techniques 21 Anesthesia for Strabismus Surgery 22 Strabismus Surgical Instrumentation 23 Classic Strabismus Surgery: Rectus Muscle 24 Plications and Tucks Section 2 Oblique Muscle Surgery 25 The Inferior Oblique: Surgical Techniques 26 The Superior Oblique Surgical Techniques Section 3 Managing Collagen Abnormalities during Strabismus Surgery 27 Stretched Scar Repair and Management of Other Weak Collagen Abnormalities 28 Managing Excessive Scar Tissue (Adhesive Syndrome) Section 4 Advanced Techniques 29 Traumatic Strabismus Repair (Flap Tear, Slipped and Lost Muscles) 30 Pulley Surgeries 31 Injection Technique 32 Adjustable Sutures and Hang-Back Suture Technique 33 Procedures to Restrict Movement 34 Mini-Procedures and Compartmental Surgery for Small Angle Strabismus 35 Transpositions Part IV Conclusion 36 Imagining the Future of Strabismus Surgery