Statistics for Environmental Science and Management

ISBN-13: 9781420061475 / Angielski / Twarda / 2008 / 310 str.

Bryan F. J. Manly

Opis

Presenting a non-mathematical approach to this topic, this book introduces frequently used statistical methods and practical applications for the environmental field. This second edition features updated references and examples along with new and expanded material.

Spis treści

The Role of Statistics in Environmental Science Introduction Some Examples The Importance of Statistics in the Examples Chapter Summary Exercises Environmental Sampling Introduction Simple Random Sampling Estimation of Population Means Estimation of Population Totals Estimation of Proportions Sampling and Nonsampling Errors Stratified Random Sampling Post-Stratification Systematic Sampling Other Design Strategies Ratio Estimation Double Sampling0 Choosing Sample Sizes1 Unequal-Probability Sampling The Data Quality Objectives Process Chapter Summary Exercises Models for Data Statistical Models Discrete Statistical Distributions Continuous Statistical Distributions The Linear Regression Model8 Factorial Analysis of Variance Generalized Linear Models Chapter Summary Exercises Drawing Conclusions from Data Introduction Observational and Experimental Studies True Experiments and Quasi-Experiments Design-Based and Model-Based Inference Tests of Significance and Confidence Intervals Randomization Tests Bootstrapping Pseudoreplication Multiple Testing Meta-Analysis Bayesian Inference Chapter Summary Exercises Environmental Monitoring Introduction Purposely Chosen Monitoring Sites Two Special Monitoring Designs6 Designs Based on Optimization Monitoring Designs Typically Used Detection of Changes by Analysis of Variance Detection of Changes Using Control Charts Detection of Changes Using CUSUM Charts Chi-Squared Tests for a Change in a Distribution Chapter Summary Exercises Impact Assessment Introduction The Simple Difference Analysis with BACI Designs Matched Pairs with a BACI Design. Impact-Control Designs Before–After Designs Impact-Gradient Designs Inferences from Impact Assessment Studies Chapter Summary Exercises Assessing Site Reclamation Introduction Problems with Tests of Significance The Concept of Bioequivalence Two-Sided Tests of Bioequivalence Chapter Summary Exercises Time Series Analysis Introduction Components of Time Series Serial Correlation Tests for Randomness Detection of Change Points and Trends More-Complicated Time Series Models Frequency Domain Analysis Forecasting Chapter Summary Exercises Spatial-Data Analysis Introduction Types of Spatial Data Spatial Patterns in Quadrat Counts Correlation between Quadrat Counts Randomness of Point Patterns Correlation between Point Patterns Mantel Tests for Autocorrelation The Variogram Kriging Correlation between Variables in Space Chapter Summary Exercises Censored Data Introduction Single Sample Estimation Estimation of Quantiles Comparing the Means of Two or More Samples Regression with Censored Data Chapter Summary Exercises Monte Carlo Risk Assessment Introduction Principles for Monte Carlo Risk Assessment Risk Analysis Using a Spreadsheet Chapter Summary Exercises Final Remarks Appendices References Index

O autorze

Bryan F.J. Manly