Part I. Background: 1. State neutrality: background history, concepts, principle; 2. Civil society: pluralism, multiculturalism and the Church/State interface; 3. International treaties, conventions, protocols and the ECtHR; Part II. The Benchmark Of State Neutrality: Contrasting Applications: 4. The US and the church/state wall; 5. Canada and Bijuralism; 6. England and the established church; 7. France and Laïcité; 8. Germany and the Vaterland; 9. Israel: Halakha and Zionism; Part III. Towards a More Stable Civil Society: 10. Themes of Jurisdictional Commonality and Difference; 11. State neutrality: a work in progress? Conclusion.