Springer Handbook of Metrology and Testing

ISBN-13: 9783642166402 / Angielski / Twarda / 2011 / 1500 str.

Horst Czichos; Tetsuya Saito; Leslie M. Smith

Opis

This Springer Handbook of Metrology and Testing presents the principles of Metrology - the science of measurement - and the methods and techniques of Testing - determining the characteristics of a given product - as they apply to chemical and microstructural analysis, and to the measurement and testing of materials properties and performance, including modelling and simulation. The principal motivation for this Handbook stems from the increasing demands of technology for measurement results that can be used globally. Measurements within a local laboratory or manufacturing facility must be able to be reproduced accurately anywhere in the world. The book integrates knowledge from basic sciences and engineering disciplines, compiled by experts from internationally known metrology and testing institutions, and academe, as well as from industry, and conformity-assessment and accreditation bodies. The Commission of the European Union has expressed this as there is no science without measurements, no quality without testing, and no global markets without standards.

Spis treści

The Springer Handbook of Metrology and Testing is a comprehensive treatise of Metrology, the science of measurement, and of Testing, the technical procedure of determining characteristics of a given object, product or process. The Handbook is organized in five parts.

Part A: Fundamentals of Metrology and Testing
Part A describes the basic elements of metrology, the system which allows measurements made in different laboratories to be confidently compared worldwide. The process of making reliable measurements is analyzed along with quality issues of the measurement and testing procedures.

Chap. 1 Introduction to Metrology and Testing
Chap. 2 Metrology Principles and Organization
Chap. 3 Quality in Measurement and Testing

Part B: Chemical and Microstructural Analysis
Part B presents methods for the analysis of material composition and structure. Structure here includes both atomic and molecular arrangements and also microstructure and defect structures over larger scales.

Chap. 4 Analytical Chemistry
Chap. 5 Nanoscopic Architecture and Microstructure
Chap. 6 Surface and Interface Characterization

Part C: Materials Properties Measurement
Part C evaluates the methods of measuring the fundamental properties of materials. In addition to all aspects of mechanical properties, the methods of characterizing the thermal, electrical, magnetic and optical properties of materials important to their practical applications are described.

Chap. 7 Mechanical Properties
Chap. 8 Thermal Properties
Chap. 9 Electrical Properties
Chap. 10 Magnetic Properties
Chap. 11 Optical Properties

Part D: Materials Performance Testing
Part D cores the testing of material performance in application conditions. This includes measurement of corrosion, friction and wear as well as biogenic impact on materials and more specific materials environment interactions. Evaluation of material performance and condition monitoring by nondestructive techniques and embedded sensors is also considered. Finally, experimental, deterministic and probabilistic methods for the characterization of safety and reliability are outlined.

Chap. 12 Corrosion
Chap. 13 Friction and Wear
Chap. 14 Biogenic Impact
Chap. 15 Environmental Interactions
Chap. 16 Nondestructive Testing and Reliability Evaluation

Part E: Modeling and Simulation Methods
Part E presents important modeling and simulation methods that underline measurement procedures that rely on mathematical models to interpret complex experiments or to estimate properties that cannot be measured directly.

Chap. 17 Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Chap. 18 Continuum Constitutive Modeling
Chap. 19 Finite Element and Finite Difference Methods
Chap. 20 The CALPHAD Method
Chap. 21 Phase Field Approach
Chap. 22 Monte Carlo Simulation

About the Authors.- Subject Index

O autorze

Dr. Horst Czichos has been President of BAM, the German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (1992-2002) and President of EUROLAB, the European Federation of National Associations of Measurement, Testing and Analytical Laboratories (1999-2003). He holds degrees in precision engineering, physics and materials science from the Free University and the Technical University of Berlin, and obtained a Dr. h.c. from KU Leuven University for his research work in tribology. He is currently Professor of Mechatronics at the University of Applied Sciences, BHT Berlin, and received 2007 the Beuth Award for achievement in engineering education.

Dr. Saito is currently Senior Adviser Emeritus at the National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) and has served as Chair of ISO/TC164 (Mechanical Testing of Metals) for nine years. He received his Dr.-Eng from the University of Tokyo in 1978 and since has held various positions at the National Research Institute for Metals, including Director of Materials Evaluation Division and Deputy Director-General of the Institute.

After retirement from his position as Director of the Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Dr. Leslie Smith is a Research Associate at NIST. He received B.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Case Institute of Technology and the Catholic University of America in physical-organic chemistry and conducted research primarily on the adsorption of polymers and the degradation of polyesters.

Blurb

This Springer Handbook of Metrology and Testing presents the principles of Metrology – the science of measurement – and the methods and techniques of  Testing – determining the characteristics of a given product – as they apply to chemical and microstructural analysis, and to the measurement and testing of materials properties and performance, including modelling and simulation.

The principal motivation for this Handbook stems from the increasing demands of technology for measurement results that can be used globally. Measurements within a local laboratory or manufacturing facility must be able to be reproduced accurately anywhere in the world. The Commission of the European Union has expressed this as follows:

There is no science without measurements, no quality without testing, and no global markets without standards. 

The Handbook is organized in five parts. Part A: Fundamentals of Metrology and Testing. Part B: Chemical and Microstructural Analysis. Part C: Materials Properties Measurement. Part D: Materials Performance Testing. Part E: Modeling and Simulation Methods.

 Key Topics

Metrology Principles and Organization

Methodologies of Measurement and Testing

Analytical Chemistry Methods

Microstructural and Nanoscopic Analyses

Materials Properties Measurement: mechanical, thermal, lectrical, magnetic, optical

Materials Performance Testing: Corrosion, friction and wear, biogenic, environmental

Nondestructive Testing

Reliability Evaluation

Modeling and Simulation Methods: molecular dynamics simulation, finite element methods, Monte Carlo simulation                     

Features

Develops and explains guidelines and standards for Quality of Measurement and Testing

Sampling

Traceability of Measurement and Testing

Statistical Evaluation of Results

Accuracy and Uncertainty of Measurement

Validation

Inter-laboratory Comparisons and Proficiency Testing

Reference Materials

Reference Procedures

Human Aspects in a Laboratory

International Standards, Laboratory Accreditation and Global Trade