Spontaneous Hypertension: Its Pathogenesis and Complications

ISBN-13: 9783642654435 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 266 str.

K. Okamoto

Opis

The separation of a colony of the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (OKAMOTO and AOKI) (SHR) was reported in 1962 and 1963. At that time the following points regarding these rats were described: (I) The incidence of hypertension was 100 per cent in the rats over several months of age. (2) The blood pressure was markedly high. (3) These rats showed hypertensive cardiovascular diseases in high frequency at the advanced stage of hypertension. Therefore, it was emphasized that SHR was by far an excellent material for hypertension research in contrast with the other animals with spontaneous hypertension or with already known experimental hypertensions. Since then 10 years have passed. Meanwhile, we established an inbred strain of SHR at the Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, in October, 1969. Various and numerous reports, more than 150 were published on SHR not only from our Department but also from some of more than 100 domestic and foreign laboratories and institutions to which these animals were donated. Finally, time was ripe for an inter national symposium on this SHR, which was held on Oct. 18-22, 1971 in Kyoto as U.S. Japan Seminar on Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (organizers; U.S.-S. UDENFRIEND, Ph. D., Japan-K. OKAMOTO, M. D.). In this seminar 25 members and 22 observers from the U.S., Japan and other countries participated. They presented 46 reports in 9 sessions, joined the lively discussions and obtained satisfactory results."

Spis treści

I. Development and Heredity.- Establishment of the Inbred Strain of the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat and Genetic Factors Involved in Hypertension.- Further Genetic Analysis of Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.- A Genetic Analysis of Hypertension in the Rat.- The Development and Inheritance of the High Blood Pressure in the New Zealand Strain of Rats with Genetic Hypertension.- Hereditary Retinal Dystrophic Rats in Strain of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.- II. Catecholamine Metabolism.- Catecholamine Metabolism in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat.- Enzymes of Catecholamine Biosynthesis and Metabolism in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and Hypotensive Effects of the Specific Inhibitors from Microbial Origin.- Catecholamine Content and Metabolism in the Brainstem and Adrenal Gland in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat.- Catecholamine Biosynthesis and Metabolism in the Vasculature of Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats.- Endogenous Level of Norepinephrine and the Sensitivity of Adrenergic Receptors in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.- DOCA-salt and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats: Comparative Studies on Norepinephrine Turnover in Central and Peripheral Adrenergic Neurons.- Organ Difference of Catecholamine Metabolism in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.- Low Activity of Dopa Decarboxylase in Cerebral Vessels of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.- Modification of Catecholamine Metabolism in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.- III. Neural Factor and Behavior.- Neural Fraction of Peripheral Vascular Resistance and Vascular Reactivity in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat.- Metabolic Basis for Central Blood Pressure Regulation in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.- Baroreceptor Reflex Functions in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat.- Central Hypothermic Effect of L-dopa in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.- Behavioral and Pharmacological Characteristics of the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat.- Relationship between Behavior and Brain Monoamines in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.- IV. Cardiovascular Dynamics.- Cardiovascular Reactivity to Norepinephrine of the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat.- Vascular Resistance and Reactivity to Various Vasoconstrictor Agents in Hypertensive Rats.- The Importance of Adaptive Changes in Vascular Design for the Establishment and Maintenance of Primary Hypertension, as Studied in Man and in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.- Possible Mechanisms of Vascular Reactivity Differences in Spontaneously Hypertensive and Normotensive Rat Aortae.- Reactivity to Sympathomimetic Amines of Atria Isolated from Normotensive and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.- The Hemodynamics of the Rat during Ontogenesis, with Special Reference to the Age Factor in the Development of Hypertension.- V. Cardiovascular Pathology.- Pathology of Dietary Induced Cerebrovascular Diseases in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.- Dietary Effects on Cardiovascular Lesions in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.- Histopathological Study of Lesions in the Cerebrovascular Walls of the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat.- Life-span, Hematological Abnormalities, Thrombosis and Other Macroscopical Lesions in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat.- Further Studies on the Cardiovascular System in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat.- On the Fundus of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.- Cardiac Hypertrophy in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.- Cardiac Myofibrillar Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity and Calcium Binding of Microsomes in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat.- VI. Endocrine Factors.- Pathology of the Adrenal Cortex in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.- Morphological Studies on Endocrine Organs in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.- New Type of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats with Hyperlipmia and Endocrine Gland Defects.- VII. Renal Factors and Electrolytes.- Absence of Hyperactive Renal Humoral Pressor System in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.- The Role of Sodium Balance and the Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in the Hypertension of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.- Responsiveness of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats to a Hypertension-Inducing Substance of the Kidney.- Effect of Spontaneous and Renal Hypertension on a Parabiotic Partner in Rats.- Fluid Exchange between Parabiotic Rats of the Brookhaven Strains.- Renin Inhibitor in the Hypertension-Prone Rat.- Spontaneous Hypertension and Erythrocytosis in Rats.- VIII. Essential Hypertension and Spontaneous Hypertension.- Modification of Hypertension by Antihypertensive Drug Treatment in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.- The Spontaneous Hypertensive Rat: An Experimental Analogue of Essential Hypertension in the Human Being.- A Comparison of the Fundus Finding between Essential Hypertension in Human Beings and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.- Characteristics of the New Zealand Strain of Genetically Hypertensive Rats Considered in Relation to Essential Hypertension.- A Molecular Biologist Looks at Hypertension.