1 Assessing the Aging Patient 2 Age-Related Changes in the Spine 3 Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis in the Aging Spine Patient 4 Surgical Decision-Making in the Aging Population 5 Perioperative Optimization in the Aging Population 6 Value-Based Care in the Aging Spine 7 Cervical Fractures 8 Thoracic and Thoracolumbar Fractures 9 Lumbar Fractures 10 External Orthosis Management 11 Spinal Cord Injury and Central Cord Syndrome 12 Cervical Spondylosis with Myelopathy 13 Cervical Deformity 14 Lumbar Stenosis with Neurogenic Claudication 15 Lumbar Spondylolisthesis 16 Sagittal Plane Malalignment and Degenerative Scoliosis in the Aging Spine 17 Nonsurgical Pain Management 18 Interventional Pain Treatment Options 19 Vertebral Augmentation for Insufficiency Fractures 20 Minimally Invasive Surgery in the Aging Spine 21 Techniques for Spinal Instrumentation in the Aging Spine