Spectral Analysis and Filter Theory in Applied Geophysics

ISBN-13: 9783642629433 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 667 str.

Burkhard Buttkus

Opis

This book is intended to be an introduction to the fundamentals and methods of spectral analysis and filter theory and their appli cations in geophysics. The principles and theoretical basis of the various methods are described, their efficiency and effectiveness eval uated, and instructions provided for their practical application. Be sides the conventional methods, newer methods arediscussed, such as the spectral analysis ofrandom processes by fitting models to the ob served data, maximum-entropy spectral analysis and maximum-like lihood spectral analysis, the Wiener and Kalman filtering methods, homomorphic deconvolution, and adaptive methods for nonstation ary processes. Multidimensional spectral analysis and filtering, as well as multichannel filters, are given extensive treatment. The book provides a survey of the state-of-the-art of spectral analysis and fil ter theory. The importance and possibilities ofspectral analysis and filter theory in geophysics for data acquisition, processing and eval uation are illustrated with practical examples from various fields of applied geophysics. Although this book was planned primarily as a textbook for a course on the analysis of geophysical time. series, it may also be of interest to scientists and engineers who process other digital data. It provides a comprehensive discussion of the theoretical fundamen tals and a compilation of the extensive literature on the subject. I hope that I have succeeded in presenting the various principles and methods of time-series analysis comprehensively and without error. Comments on errors or suggestions for improvements are welcome."

Spis treści

I Spectral Analysis of Deterministic Processes.- 1 Fourier Series Representation of Periodic Functions.- 2 Spectral Representation of Nonperiodic Processes.- 3 The Dirac Delta Function and its Fourier Transform.- 4 Spectral Analysis of Time-Limited Observations of Infinitely Long Processes.- 5 Spectral Analysis of Discrete Functions.- 6 z-Transform Representation of Time Series.- 7 Examples of the Use of the Fourier Transform in Applied Seismics.- II Spectral Analysis of Random Processes.- 8 Characterization of Random Processes in the Time and Frequency Domains.- 9 Estimation of the Power Spectral Density Function.- 10 Evaluation of Magnetotelluric Survey Data.- III Spectral Analysis of Random Processes by Model Fitting.- 11 Spectral Estimation by Model Fitting.- 12 Estimating Power Spectra using Criteria from Information Theory.- IV Fundamentals of Filter Theory.- 13 Filtering from the Viewpoint of System Theory.- 14 Filtering in the Frequency Domain.- V Digital Filtering.- 15 Basics of Digital Filtering.- 16 Filtering using Simple Mathematical Operations.- 17 Designing Nonrecursive Digital Filters of Finite Length.- 18 Synthesis of Recursive Digital Filters.- VI Fundamentals of Optimum Filtering.- 19 Designing Analog and Digital Optimum Filters.- 20 Application of Optimum Filters to Reflection Seismic Data.- 21 Kalman Filters.- VII Fundamentals of Deconvolution and their Application to Reflection Seismic Data.- 22 Mathematical Basis of Deconvolution.- 23 Deconvolution: Problems and Approaches in Reflection Seismics.- VIII Multidimensional and Multichannel Filters.- 24 Multidimensional Filters.- 25 Two-Dimensional Filters for Gravity and Magnetic Data.- 26 Multichannel Filtering of Seismic Data.- Author Index.