2. Competing paradigms for understanding energy transitions
The “natural” and “objective” constraints of coal?
Socio-technical transitions: RE transitions as critical conjuncture
Just transitions (JT), ecological, and critical political economy perspectives
Conclusion
3. Eskom and the Dual Character of the South African State
From MEC origins to apartheid crises
Power Outrages, 2008 and after: From crisis of delivery to crisis of governance
Conclusion
4. Non-RE alternative energies: nuclear, geothermal, fracking and offshore gas
Geothermal energy, fracking, and offshore gas
Nuclear energy: isihloko asivaliwe?
Conclusion
5. REIPPPP: Renewables’ Rise, or REIPPPP RIP?
Conclusion
6. Conclusion: Just an Energy Transition – or a Just Transition?
Just transitions: combining energy justice with community reconstruction
Guaranteed full employment: achieving economic recovery with climate jobs
A People’s REFIT: a decentralised pathway to energy justice?
Conclusions
References
Andrew Lawrence is a research fellow at Wits School of Governance, South Africa and Visiting Professor at Vienna School of International Studies, Austria. He has written extensively on South Africa and the comparative and global political economy of energy. Publications include Employer and Worker Collective Action: A Comparative Study of Germany, South Africa, and the United States (2014).