Sounding the Troposphere from Space: A New Era for Atmospheric Chemistry

ISBN-13: 9783642623356 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 446 str.

Peter Borrell;Patricia May Borrell;John P. Burrows

Opis

It is now possible to determine concentrations of trace constituents and pollutants in the lower atmosphere from space, a development which heralds a new era for tropospheric chemistry. The authors describe how to develop and validate methods for determining tropospheric trace constituents from satellite data, to encourage the use of these data by atmospheric chemists, and to explore the undoubted synergism which will develop between satellite and ground-based measurements, and will eventually give rise to a permanent observation system for the troposphere. The book comprises several comprehensive overviews, prepared by acknowledged experts in the field, together with a series of individual reports from investigators whose work represents the cutting edge of the subject. A variety of results, giving global distributions of several species and their modelling are reported. Most results stem from ESA satellite data, but there is also an account of the North American work in this field which has mainly concentrated on global distributions of ozone. It is fair to say that the field, as it develops, will revolutionize the way in which atmospheric chemistry is done. This timely book provides a good introduction for anyone with an interest in the future of the troposphere.

Spis treści

1 TROPOSAT: the project and the scientific highlights.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 The aims of TROPOSAT.- 1.3 Some TROPOSAT scientific highlights and activities.- 1.4 Policy-relevant results.- 1.5 Future perspectives and opportunities.- 1.6 TROPOSAT organisational activities.- 1.7 Further information.- 2 An Overview of the Scientific Activities and Achievements.- 2.1 New algorithms for obtaining tropospheric data from satellite measurements.- 2.2 Applications of satellite data in tropospheric research.- 2.3 Synergistic use of different instrumentation and platforms for tropospheric measurements.- 2.4 Validation and data assimilation for tropospheric satellite data products.- 2.5 The use of data assimilation to augment the utility of satellite data.- 2.6 Future space infrastructure.- 2.7 Tropospheric Data from the United States.- 3 Development of Algorithms.- 3.1 Retrieval of Greenhouse and Related Gas Parameters from SCIAMACHY/ENVISAT.- 3.2 Aerosol Retrieval by the Introduction of New Aerosol Classes and Optical Properties: Methods and Climatology.- 3.3 Neural Network Ozone Profile Retrieval System for GOME Spectra (NNORSY-GOME).- 3.4 Retrieval and Data Assimilation Algorithm Development for Tropospheric Ozone and NO2 from GOME and SCIAMACHY.- 3.5 Retrieval of Tropospheric Aerosol Properties from Space using MISR Data.- 3.6 The Role of Polarisation Measurements in Ozone Profile Retrieval from Back-scattered Ultraviolet Sunlight.- 3.7 Retrieval of Aerosol Properties from Satellite Data.- 3.8 Retrieval of CO Column and Profile Data from the MOPITT Instrument on EOS-TERRA.- 3.9 Quantification of Tropospheric Measurements from Nadir Viewing UV/Visible Instruments.- 3.10 Retrieval of Upper Tropospheric H2O from CRISTA-2 Observations.- 3.11 Retrieval of Tropospheric BrO and NO2 from UV-Visible Observations.- 3.12 Retrievability of Upper Tropospheric Species and Parameters from MIPAS/ENVISAT Data.- 3.13 Assessment of the Global Distribution of Tropospheric OH Radical Production from GOME Observations.- 3.14 A Ground Validation Station for the Satellite-based Atmospheric Sensor Instruments GOME and SCIAMACHY.- 3.15 Development of Satellite-derived Information on Tropospheric Actinic Flux and Aerosol Particulate Matter.- 3.16 Case Studies for the Investigation of Cloud Sensitive Parameters as Measured by GOME.- 3.17 Ozone Profile Retrieval from Broadband Nadir UV/Visible Satellite Spectra: How Accurate is the Tropospheric Profile?.- 4 Use of Satellite Data to understand Atmospheric Processes.- 4.1 Tropospheric Aerosol Modelling.- 4.2 Validation of a Fully Coupled Chemistry-Climate Model.- 4.3 Global Photochemical Model Evaluation using GOME Tropospheric Column Data.- 4.4 Construction and Analysis of Image Sequences of Atmospheric Trace Gases.- 4.5 Use of GOME Measurements for the Examination of the Nitrogen Oxide Budget in the Troposphere.- 4.6 Use of Satellite Data to Constrain Ozone Budgets in Global Tropospheric Chemistry Models.- 4.7 First Validation of Tropospheric NO2 Column Densities Retrieved from GOME by in situ Aircraft Profile Measurements.- 4.8 Determination of NOX Sources by Combination of Satellite Images with Transport Modelling.- 4.9 The Use of Space-borne Measurements and the Ground-based Swiss Monitoring System for Tracing Atmospheric Pollution.- 5 Synergistic Use of Different Instrumentation and Platforms for Tropospheric Measurements.- 5.1 Comparing CARIBIC and Satellite Data.- 5.2 Studies of NO2 from Lightning and Convective Uplifting using GOME Data.- 5.3 Scientific Applications of Satellite Data within the Geophysica Research Community.- 5.4 Retrieval of Tropospheric Information from Ground-based FTIR Observations, Supported by Synergistic Exploitation of Various Ground-based and Space-borne Measurement Techniques and Data.- 5.5 The Development of Multi-platform Methods for Derivation of Tropospheric Composition from Space.- 5.6 Control Mechanisms of Water Vapour in the Upper Troposphere: Large Scale Subsidence in Regions of Tropical Cb-Convection.- 5.7 Satellite plus Ground-based FTIR Measurements for Tropospheric Studies: Towards an Integrated Global Measurement System (IGMS) and an Improved Validation Strategy.- 5.8 Methodology for Using the MOZAIC Ozone Climatology in Future Comparisons with Data from SCIAMACHY Onboard ENVISAT.- 6 Validation and Data Assimilation for Tropospheric Satellite Data Products.- 6.1 Validation of CO and CH4 Retrieved from SCIAMACHY.- 6.2 Database Support for Use and Usability of Satellite Data.- 6.3 Emission Rate Estimates by Variational Assimilation of Surface and Satellite Data.- 6.4 Satellite Validation using Ground-based Spectroscopic Techniques.- 6.5 Airborne in-situ Measurements of Radiation, Aerosol Optical Properties and Trace Gases for Evaluation of Remote Sensing Techniques.- 6.6 Co-ordination of the Validation Activities for SCIAMACHY.- 6.7 A New Airborne DIAL System for Tropospheric Ozone Measurements.- 6.8 Monitoring of the Variability and Long-term Evolution of Tropospheric Constituents by Infrared Solar Absorption Spectrometry at the Jungfraujoch, Switzerland.- Appendix 1 Tropospheric satellite data available.- Appendix 2 Publications and Theses resulting from TROPOSAT work.- Appendix 3 Organisation of TROPOSAT.

Blurb

It is now possible to determine concentrations of trace constituents and pollutants in the lower atmosphere from space, a development which heralds a new era for tropospheric chemistry.

The authors describe how to develop and validate methods for determining tropospheric trace constituents from satellite data, to encourage the use of these data by atmospheric chemists, and to explore the undoubted synergism which will develop between satellite and ground-based measurements, and will eventually give rise to a permanent observation system for the troposphere. The book comprises several comprehensive overviews, prepared by acknowledged experts in the field, together with a series of individual reports from investigators whose work represents the cutting edge of the subject. A variety of results, giving global distributions of several species and their modelling are reported. Most results stem from ESA satellite data, but there is also a  account of the North American work in this field which has mainly concentrated on global distributions of ozone.

It is fair to say that the field, as it develops, will revolutionize the way in which atmospheric chemistry is done. This timely book provides a good introduction for anyone with an interest in the future of the troposphere.