Sorghum and Millets Diseases

ISBN-13: 9780813803890 / Angielski / Twarda / 2003 / 504 str.

John F. Leslie

Opis

This work is based on the Mexico 2000 meeting under the auspices of ICRISAT (International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics) and INTSORMIL (International Sorghum and Millet Collaborative Research Support Program). Sorghum and millet are very important agronomic crops in many parts of the world, specifically in the semi-arid regions in warm areas. The crops are of great significance in supplying food and feed in the developing areas of Latin America, Africa, and Asia.

Spis treści

Preface.

Addresses of Contributors.

I. Transition From the Previous Millenium.

1. Transition from the Second to the Third World Review of Sorghum and Millet Diseases.

2. Sorghum Worldwide.

II. Millet Biology & Diseases.

3. Diseases of Finger Millet A Global Overview.

4. Gene Management and Breeding for Downy Mildew Resistance.

5. Problems and Control Strategies for a New Millennium.

6. Identification of Resistance to Downy Mildew and Smut of Pearl Millet in Ghana.

7. Boosting Pearl Millet Yields with Apron Plus® and Apron Star® Seed Treatments.

8. Variability in Sclerospora graminicola, the Pearl Millet Downy Mildew Pathogen.

9. Pearl Millet Ergot Research: Advances and Implications.

10. The Dynamic Multi–Line Population: An Alternative Approach to Durable Resistance?.

III. Sorghum Ergot.

11. Recommendations from the Ergot Working Group at the Third Global Conference on Sorghum and Millets Diseases.

12. Distribution and Diversity of the Sorghum Sugary Disease Pathogens in India.

13. Survival of Inoculum of Claviceps africana in Zimbabwe: Potential Sources of Initial Inoculum.

14. Response of Sorghum B and R Lines to Ergot (Claviceps africana) at Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico.

15. Four Genotypes of Claviceps spp. Cause Sorghum Ergot in Australia.

16. Biosynthesis of Bioactive Honeydew Oligosaccharides by Sorghum Ergot Pathogens.

17. Genotype ´ Environment Effects on the Response of Sorghum to Ergot and Repercussions for Disease Screening.

18. Effect of Cold Degree Units on Incidence of Claviceps africana in Sorghum Hybrids.

19. Advances in Claviceps africana Chemical Control.

20. Relationship Between Climatic Variables and Claviceps africana Incidence on Sorghum Hybrids in Northern Mexico.

21. Differences in Ergot Vulnerability Among Sorghum Genotypes and the Relationship Between Stigma Receptivity and Ergot Vulnerability.

22. Sorghum Ergot (Claviceps africana) in México.

23. Quarantine Issues Arising from Contamination of Seed with Ergot: An Update.

24. Detection of Sclerotia of Claviceps africana in the Western Hemisphere.

25. Factors Associated with Ergot Resistance in Sorghum.

26. Ergot and its Impact on Hybrid Sorghum Seed Production in Venezuela.

27. The Genus Claviceps: Evolution at Work.

28. An Overview of the Biology of Sorghum Ergot.

29. Intra–Specific Variation in Claviceps africana.

IV. Striga.

30. Striga Control in Sudan: An Integrated Approach.

31. Striga: Biological Control Strategies for a New Millenium.

V. Pathogen Variability.

32. Sorghum Grain Mold: Through the 1990s into the New Millenium.

33. Stalk Rots of Sorghum.

34. A Population Genetic Approach to Variation in Colletotrichum graminicola, the Causal Agent of Sorghum Anthracnose.

35. Will the Real Fusarium moniliforme Please Stand Up!.

36. Sorghum Anthracnose – Problem and Management Strategies.

37. Genetic Variability Among and Within Host–Specialized Isolates of Sporisorium reilianum.

38. Grain Mold Fungi from Sorghum in Ghana.

39. Mycotoxins from Fungal–Infected Sorghum: Claviceps, Fusarium and the Striga Connection.

VI. Molecular Biology, Genome Mapping & Host Plant Resistance.

40. Identification of Molecular Markers for Oval Leaf Spot Resistance in Sorghum.

41. Pearl Millet Genomics and Breeding for Resistance to Downy Mildew.

42. Molecular Tags for Disease Resistance Genes in Sorghum: Improved Prospects for Mapping.

VII. Sorghum Breeding & Disease Physiology.

43. Developmental Stages of Sorghum Caryopses with Emphasis on the Aleurone Transfer Cell and Placental Sac.

44. Plant Parasitic Nematodes of Sorghum and Pearl Millet: Emphasis on Africa.

45. Evaluation of Reduced Sorghum Seed Germination.

46. Free and Bound Phenolic Acids in Mature Sorghum Caryopses as Affected by Inoculation with Fusarium thapsinum.

47. Breeding Sorghum for Resistance to Anthracnose, Grain Mold, Downy Mildew, and Head Smuts.

48. Breeding for Resistance to Root and Stalk Rots in Sorghum.

49. Antifungal Proteins and Other Mechanisms in the Control of Sorghum Stalk Rot and Grain Mold.

VIII. Technology & Approaches to Disease Management.

50. The Role of Sorghum in the Overseasoning of Gibberella zeae.

51. Rapid Information Dissemination on the World Wide Web.

52. Agrobiodiversity in Pest Management.

53. Sorghum On–Line Crop Information.

54. Sorghum Grain Quality for Increased Utilization.

IX. Collaboration & Its Implementation.

55. Public–Private Partnerships in International Agricultural Research: A Case for Promoting Technology Transfer and Enhancing Global Trade in Sorghum and Millet.

56. Changing Paradigms in the Design and Implementation of Collab–orative Research.

57. Private Sector and Public Institution Interactions on Sorghum and Pearl Millet Disease Management.

58. Examples of ICRISAT s Research and Development Partnerships in Sorghum and Millet Improvement.

59. PROFIT Productive Rotations On Farms In Texas.

X. Country & Regional Disease Reports.

60. Recommendations from the Working Group for the Americas at the Third Global Confer–ence on Sorghum and Millets Diseases.

61. Recommendations from the African Working Group at the Third Global Conference on Sor–ghum and Millets Diseases.

62. Recommendations from the Working Group for Asia/Australia at the Third Global Conference on Sorghum and Millets Diseases.

63. Sorghum Diseases in Brazil.

64. Sorghum and Pearl Millet Diseases in the Horn of Africa.

65. Sorghum Diseases in Argentina.

66. Diseases of Sorghum and Pearl Millet in Asia.

67. Virus Diseases of Sorghum and Millet in the Americas and Australia.

68. The Status of Sorghum Diseases in Russia.

69. Current Status of Sorghum Diseases in Venezuela.

70. Sorghum and Pearl Millet Diseases in West and Central Africa.

71. Diseases of Sorghum and Pearl Millet in Some Southern African Countries.

72. Sorghum viruses in Asia and Africa.

73. Status of Sorghum and Pearl Millet Dis–eases in Australia.

74. Recurring and Emerging Sorghum Diseases in North America.

75. Sorghum and Millet Diseases in Mexico.

76. Diseases of Pearl Millet in the Americas.

XI. Abstracts.

77. Fungal Contaminants and Mycotoxins on Stored Pearl Millet Grain.

78. A Physiological Approach to Resistance Breeding for Control of Seed Rot and Seedling Diseases of Grain Sorghum.

79. Development of Durable Johnson–grass Mosaic Virus (JGMV) Resistance in Sorghum via a Transgenic Approach.

80. Farmer Participatory Studies on Finger Millet in Western Kenya.

81. Differentiation of Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium proliferatum Isolates Causing Sorghum Grain Mold by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Analysis.

82. Phytoalexin Synthesis by Sorghum Grain in Response to Grain Mold.

83. Effect of Sorghum Sowing Dates on Grain Mold Development in Morelos State, Mexico.

84. Present Status of Sorghum Pathology in Cameroon.

85. Identification of Host Plant Resistance to Ergot in Sorghum.

86. Relationship of Stay Green to Charcoal Rot and Lodging in Sorghum.

87. The Importance of Public–Private Sector Partnerships to Indian Sorghum Farmers.

88. Resistance to Fusarium Stalk Rot in Grain Sorghum.

89. Access to the Next Generation of Sustainable Control of Covered Kernel Smut of SorghumIndex

O autorze

John F. Leslie, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan

Blurb

This landmark reference contains the global sorghum and millet pathology community s decennial summary of diseases and work in progress based primarily on contributions to the Third Global Conference on Sorghum and Millets Diseases in September 2000, sponsored by INTSORMIL, ICRISAT, and INIFAP.

Editor John Leslie has expanded the book s coverage beyond the conference presentations to guarantee a well–rounded treatment of sorghum and millet diseases. One hundred and ninety–seven authors from thirty countries contribute to a truly global picture.

This critical review provides a unique, long–term analysis of different issues during the last quarter century, a summary of the current critical problems, and an evaluation of the sorghum and millet community s progress since its previous meeting in 1988. Perhaps the book s greatest value lies in defining the research agenda for these crops and their diseases for the next ten years. As such, it is an indispensable resource for plant pathologists and other crop scientists, policy makers, sociologists, and others involved in tropical or subtropical agriculture.