Somatostatin

ISBN-13: 9783540545699 / Angielski / Miękka / 1992 / 66 str.

Y. C. Patel; J. Epelbaum; D. R. Rubinow

Opis

This volume deals with all the known aspects of somatostatin, one of the phylogenetically oldest hormones, which is a regulatory peptide with remarkable characteristics. It is a non-classical neurotransmitter discovered less than 20 years ago in both the central nervous system and in the gastroenteropancreatic system, regulating the secretion of both pituitary and digestive hormones. It also ensures nutrient homeostasis and has therapeutic uses.

Spis treści

General Aspects of the Biology and Function of Somatostatin.- Molecular Heterogeneity of Somatostatin.- Evolution of Somatostatin Genes and Gene Products.- Anatomical Distribution of Somatostatin Cells.- Somatostatin in the Blood and Other Body Fluids.- Actions of Somatostatin.- Molecular Model of Somatostatin Action.- Somatostatin Receptor Subtypes.- Regulation of Somatostatin Secretion and Gene Expression.- Regulation of Secretion.- Regulation of Gene Expression.- Physiological Significance of Somatostatin.- Somatostatin in Disease.- References.- Somatostatin Receptors in the Central Nervous System.- Somatostatin Receptors.- In Vitro Binding Assays.- Structural Characterization.- Localization of Somatostatin Receptors by Radioautography.- Mechanisms of Action.- Regulation by Hormones and Somatostatin.- Multiple Effects.- Somatostatin Receptors in Pathology.- Conclusion.- References.- Somatostatin in Neuropsychiatric Disorders.- Neuropsychiatric Disease-Related Alterations.- Alzheimer’s Disease.- Depression.- Central Nervous System Effects of Somatostatin.- Central Nervous System Localization.- Neurophysiological Actions.- Interaction with Neuroregulators.- Behavioral Actions.- Somatostatin in Affective Disorder: Clinical Relevance.- Endocrine Correlates.- Role in Seizure Disorders and Effects of Psychopharmacological Agents..- Conclusions.- References.- The Physiological Role of Somatostatin in the Regulation of Nutrient Homeostasis.- Release of Somatostatin.- Basal Somatostatin Release.- Postprandial Somatostatin Release.- Mechanisms of Somatostatin Release.- Cephalic Phase.- Gastric Phase.- Neural Mechanisms During the Gastric Phase.- Intestinal Phase.- Intestinal Phase and Gastric Somatostatin.- Intestinal Phase and Pancreatic Somatostatin.- Physiological Effects of Somatostatin.- Somatostatin and Gastric Functions.- Somatostatin and Pancreatic Functions.- Exocrine Pancreas.- Endocrine Pancreas: Effects on the Exocrine Pancreas.- Somatostatin and Nutrient Entry into the Circulation.- References.- Therapeutic Use of Somatostatin and Octreotide Acetate in Neuroendocrine Tumors.- Pharmacology of Octreotide Acetate.- The Effects of Somatostatin and Octreotide on the Pituitary.- Effects on Pituitary Tumors.- GH-Secreting Tumors.- TSPt-Secreting Tumors.- Other Pituitary Tumors.- Side Effects of Octreotide.- The Effects of Somatostatin and Octreotide on Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Gut.- The Carcinoid Syndrome.- Insulinomas.- Gastrinomas.- VlPomas.- Glucagonomas.- GHRHomas.- Cushing’s Syndrome.- Nonfunctioning and Other Rare Neuroendocrine Tumors.- Effects of Octreotide on Tumor Size.- Unresolved Issues.- References.