Solid Polymer Electrolytes: Fundamentals and Technological Applications

ISBN-13: 9780471187370 / Angielski / Twarda / 1996 / 256 str.

F. M. Gray; Murray Gray; Fiona M. Gray

Opis

This book is a welcome response to the general concerns for the generation and conservation of energy in the future.

It gives a comprehensive overview of both the fundamental and applied aspects of solid polymer electrolytes.
Topics discussed include:
* Polymer Electrolyte-based Devices
* Homopolymer Hosts
* The Interaction between Polymer and Salt
* Conductivity in Polymer Electrolytes
* Polymer Electrolyte Architecture
* Transport Properties Effects of Dynamic Disorder
* The Electrode-Electrolyte Interface

Newcomers and experts alike will greatly benefit from the lucid and objective analysis this book provides.

Spis treści

2.2 Poly(ethylene imine).

2.3 Thia–alkanes.

References.

Chapter 3. The Interaction Between Polymer and Salt.

3.1 Ion Solvation by the Polymer.

3.2. Hard–Soft Acid–Base Principle.

3.3. Artions.

3.4. Complex Formation.

References.

Chapter 4. Structure and Morphology.

4.1 Crystalline Phases in Polymers.

4.2 Preparation of Polymer Electrolyte Films.

4.3 Solvent Deposited and Melt Recrystallized Films.

4.4 Solvent Effects on Morphology.

4.5 Trace Impurities.

4.6 Intercrystalline Amorphous Phases.

4.7 Polymer Electrolyte Structural Determination by EXAFS.

4.8 Phase Diagrams.

4.8.1 Thiocyanates of Monovalent Cations.

4.8.2 Halide Systems.

4.8.3 Tetraphenyl Borate Systems.

4.8.4 Halogen–Containing Complex Anionic Systems.

4.8.5 Perchlorate Systems.

4.8.6 Trifluoromethanesulfonate Systems.

4.9 Mesogenic PEO–Salt Systems.

References.

Chapter 5. Aspects of Conductivity in Polymer Electrolytes.

5.1 Total Direct–Current Conductivity.

5.1.1 Crystallinity in Polymer Electrolytes.

5.1.2 Salt Concentration.

5.2 Pressure Dependence of the Conductivity.

5.3 Mixed Salt Systems.

5.4 Mixed Conductors.

References.

Chapter 6. Polymer Electrolyte Architecture.

6.1 Non–Ether–Based Polymer Electrolytes.

6.2 Amorphous Polyether–Based Polymer Architecture.

6.3 Enhanced Chain Flexibility.

6.4 Mechanical Stability.

6.4.1 Networks.

6.4.2 Comb–Branched Copolymers.

6.4.3 Block Copolymers.

6.4.4 Random Polyethers.

6.5 Blends.

6.6 Single–Ion Conductors.

6.7 Salts.

References.

Chapter 7. Further Developments in Polymer Electrolyte Materials.

7.1 Proton Conductors.

7.1.1 Polyethers.

7.1.2 Polyamides.

7.1.3 Poly(acrylic acid).

7.1.4 Polyamines.

7.1.5 Poly(vinyl alcohol).

7.2 Ormocers.

7.2.1 The Sol–Gel Process.

7.2.2 Ormolytes.

7.3 Multivalent Cation–Based Polymer Electrolytes.

7.3.1 Preparation of Materials.

7.3.2 Physical Properties.

7.3.2.1 Alkaline Earth Metal Cations.

7.3.2.2 Zinc(II).

7.3.2.3 Cadmium(II).

7.3.2.4 Lead(II).

7.3.2.5 Cobalt(II), Nickel(II), and Manganese(II).

7.3.2.6 Mercury(II).

7.3.2.7 Copper(II).

7.3.2.8 Trivalent Cation–Containing Electrolytes.

References.

Chapter 8. Transport Properties: Effects of Dynamic Disorder.

8.1 Macroscopic Models.

8.2 Microscopic Approach.

8.3 Experimental Techniques Relating to Microscopic Dynamic Properties.

8.3.1 Brillouin Scattering.

8.3.2 Dielectric Relaxation.

8.3.3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.

8.3.4 Quasi–elastic Neutron Scattering.

References.

Chapter 9. Transport Properties: Ionic Species and Mobility.

9.1 Ion–Ion Interactions.

9.2 Spectroscopic Studies.

9.2.1 General Interpretation of Spectral Data.

9.3 Transference Numbers.

9.3.1 Transport Numbers from Diffusion Coefficient Determinations.

9.3.1.1 Radiotracer Studies.

9.3.1.2 Pulsed Field Gradient NMR.

9.3.1.3 Electrochemical Determination of Diffusion

Coefficients.

9.3.2 Measurement of the Transport of Charged Species Only.

9.3.2.1 Hittorf/Tubandt Method.

9.3.2.2 Concentration Cell Techniques.

9.3.2.3 Cells in Force Fields.

9.3.3 Transport under a Chemical Potential and Electrical Gradient.

9.3.3.1 Alternating–Current Impedance.

9.3.3.2 Direct–Current Polarization Methods.

Fully Dissociated Electrolytes.

Systems Containing Mobile Ion Pairs.

Systems Containing Triple Ions.

References.

Chapter 10. The Electrode–Electrolyte Interface.

10.1 The Lithium–Polymer Electrolyte Interface.

10.2 Electrochemical Stability.

10.3 Intercalation.

10.4 Electrochromism of Intercalation Compounds.

References.

Index.