Size- And Age-Related Changes in Tree Structure and Function

ISBN-13: 9789400712416 / Angielski / Twarda / 2011 / 514 str.

Frederick C. Meinzer; Barbara Lachenbruch; Todd E. Dawson

Opis

During their ontogeny, trees undergo numerous changes in their physiological function, architecture and allometry. This volume examines the central interplay between these changes, and the impact they can have on forest ecosystems.

Spis treści

List of contributors

Preface

SECTION I: THE WHOLE-LIFESPAN PERSPECTIVE ON INTEGRATION OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

1. A Lifespan Perspective on Integrating Structure and Function in Trees

Thomas M. Hinckley, Barbara Lachenbruch, Frederick C. Meinzer, and Todd E. Dawson

 

SECTION II: REPRODUCTION AND REGENERATION

2. Age-related Changes in Tree Growth and Functional Biology: the Role of Reproduction

Sean C. Thomas

3. The Earliest Stages of Tree Growth: Development, Physiology and Impacts of Climate Change

Daniel Johnson, Katherine A. McCulloh, and Keith Reinhardt

 

SECTION III: INTEGRATION OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION ACROSS ONTOGENY

4, Regulation of Ontogeny in Temperate Conifers

Michael E. Day and Michael S. Greenwood

5. Radial Variation in Wood Structure and Function in Woody Plants, and Hypotheses for its Occurrence

Barbara Lachenbruch, John R. Moore, and Robert Evans

6. Size-related Changes in Tree Proportions and Their Potential Influence on the Course of Height Growth

David A. King

7. Influence of Tree Ontogeny on Plant-Herbivore Interactions

Karina Boege, Kasey E. Barton, and Rodolfo Dirzo

8. How do Changes in Leaf/shoot Morphology and Crown Architecture Affect Growth and Physiological Function of Large, old Trees?

Hiroaki Ishii

 

SECTION IV: PHOTOSYNTHETIC GAS EXCHANGE AND CARBON BALANCE

9. Tree size- and Age-Related Changes in Leaf Physiology and Their Influence on Carbon Gain

Kathy Steppe, Űlo Niinemets, and Robert O. Teskey

10. Relationships Between Tree Height and Carbon Isotope Discrimination

Nate G. McDowell, Barbara J. Bond, Lee T. Hill, Michael G. Ryan, and David Whitehead

11. Carbon Storage in Trees: Does Relative Carbon Supply Decrease With Tree Size?

Anna Sala,Willa Fouts, and Günter Hoch

 

SECTION V: WATER RELATIONS AND TRANSPORT PROCESSES

12. Comparative Criteria for Models of the Fluid Transport System of Tall Trees

Maurizio Mencuccini, Teemu Hölttä, and Jordi Martinez-Vilalta

13. Hydraulic Capacitance: Biophysics and Functional Significance of Internal Water Sources in Relation to Tree Size

Fabian G. Scholz, Nathan G. Phillips, Sandra J. Bucci, Frederick C. Meinzer, and Guillermo Goldstein

14. Size-Dependent Changes in Biophysical Control of Tree Growth: the Role of Turgor

David R. Woodruff and Frederick C. Meinzer

15. Instrumental Approaches to Studying Tree Water Relations Along Gradients of Tree Size and Forest Age

Jan Čermák and Nadezhda Nadezhdina

 

SECTION VI: SCALING FROM INDIVIDUAL TRAITS TO STANDS

16. Ecophysiology of Secondary Succession in Tropical Moist Forest: Scaling From Individual Traits to Whole-Plant Performance

Niels Anten and N. Galia Selaya

17. Age-Dependent Changes in Environmental Influences on Tree Growth and Their Implications for Forest Responses to Climate Change

Steven L. Voelker

18. Consequences of Stand age and Species' Functional Trait Changes on Ecosystem Water use of Forests

Brent Ewers, D. Scott Mackay, and Ben Bond-Lamberty

Blurb

Millions of trees live and grow all around us, and we all recognize the vital role they play in the world’s ecosystems. Publicity campaigns exhort us to plant yet more. Yet until recently comparatively little was known about the root causes of the physical changes that attend their growth. Since trees typically increase in size by three to four orders of magnitude in their journey to maturity, this gap in our knowledge has been a crucial issue to address. Here at last is a synthesis of the current state of our knowledge about both the causes and consequences of ontogenetic changes in key features of tree structure and function.

During their ontogeny, trees undergo numerous changes in their physiological function, the structure and mechanical properties of their wood, and overall architecture and allometry. This book examines the central interplay between these changes and tree size and age. It also explores the impact these changes can have, at the level of the individual tree, on the emerging characteristics of forest ecosystems at various stages of their development. The analysis offers an explanation for the importance of discriminating between the varied physical properties arising from the nexus of size and age, as well as highlighting the implications these ontogenetic changes have for commercial forestry and climate change. This important and timely summation of our knowledge base in this area, written by highly respected researchers, will be of huge interest, not only to researchers, but also to forest managers and silviculturists.