Single Subject Designs in Biomedicine

ISBN-13: 9789400791077 / Angielski / Miękka / 2014 / 124 str.

Janine E. Janosky;Shelley L. Leininger;Michael P. Hoerger

Opis

Single Subject Designs in Biomedicine draws upon the rich history of single case research within the educational and behavioral research settings and extends the application to the field of biomedicine. Biomedical illustrations are used to demonstrate the processes of designing, implementing, and evaluating a single subject design. Strengths and limitations of various methodologies are presented, along with specific clinical areas of application in which these applications would be appropriate. Statistical and visual techniques for data analysis are also discussed. The breadth and depth of information provided is suitable for medical students in research oriented courses, primary care practitioners and medical specialists seeking to apply methods of evidence practice to improve patient care, and medical researchers who are expanding their methodological expertise to include single subject designs. Increasing awareness of the utility in the single subject design could enhance treatment approach and evaluation both in biomedical research and medical care settings.

Recenzje

From the reviews: "This book focuses on how to study the single patient. This unique contribution to research design starts with application and then discusses the methods. ... Medical students and primary care and specialty practitioners are the intended audience. The book is suitable for these readers, but also for those developing new interventions and those evaluating individual patient response. ... The design presented in this book has expanded its utility and this book describes it well." (James C. Torner, Doody's Review Service, March, 2010)

Spis treści

Chapter One: Overview of the Single Subject Design Single Subject Design Methodolog Chapter Two: The Application of the Single Subject Design Choice and Measurement of Outcomes Choice and Application of Interventions Nomenclature of Single Subject Designs The Family of Single Subject Designs: The Basic A-B Design 25 The A-B-A Design A-B-A-B Design B-A-B Single-Subject Design Multiple Baseline Design Alternating Treatments Design Changing Criterion Design Summary Chapter Three: Methodological Framework for Single Subject Designs Historical Roots Individual-Focused Designs Group Experimental Designs Return to Single Subject Designs Sources of Internal Validity Threats Sources of Threats to Internal Validity Mortality Regression toward the Mean Maturation History Testing Effects Instrumentation Withdrawal Reactions Social-Cognitive Residual Confounding Threats to External Validity Generalizability across Subjects Generalizability across Physicians or Practitioners Generalizability across Settings Generalizability across Time Generalizability across Outcomes Generalizability across Treatment Interactions Summary Chapter Four: Evaluation and Analysis of Data Generated from Single Subject Designs Experimental Control and the Single Subject Design Techniques of Control Elimination Constancy Balancing Counterbalancing Randomization Interventions (Independent Variables) Outcomes (Dependent Variables) Response Guided Studies Statistical Analysis of Data Collected using Single Subject Methodology Graphical Display of Data and Visual Analysis Inferential Statistical Analysis Randomization Tests Nonparametric Smoother Celeration Line Methods Sheward’s Two Standard Deviation Band Bartlett’s Test Mann-Whitney U Revusky’s Rn Statistic TheW Statistic The C Statistic Summary Chapter Five: Ethics and Single Subject Research Primer on Ethics Philosophical Perspectives Guiding Principles Professional Competence Certification and Licensure Maintaining Professional Competence Practicing within an Area of Competence Patient Rights Informed Consent Discontinuation Confidentiality Deception Conflict of Interest Methodological Considerations Choice of Patient Choice of Treatment Objectives Choice of Interventions Choice of Control Conditions Withdrawal Designs Research Context Facilitating Research Chapter Six: Application of the Single Subject Design in Biomedicine Past and Current Application of the Single Subject Design in Biomedicine Overview for Conducting a Single Subject Design Illustrations of Single Subject Design Application Summary Chapter Seven: Annotated Bibliography of Single Subject Studies Notes