Simulation Fidelity in Training System Design: Bridging the Gap Between Reality and Training

ISBN-13: 9780387968469 / Angielski / Miękka / 1988 / 415 str.

Robert T. Hays; Michael J. Singer

Opis

Business, academia, industry, and the military require well trained personnel to function in highly complex working environments. To reduce high training costs and to improve the effectiveness of training, training system developers often use sophisticated training media such as, simulators, videodisks, and computer-based instruction. The designers of these training media are continually striving to provide maximum training effectiveness at minimum cost. Although literature is available on the implementation and use of specific training media, there is little guidance on a major feature that is central to these media. All of these media present the learner with an interactive simulation of the real world. Effective training system design can be facilitated if the requirements of the real-world task are properly included in training. A conceptual bridge is necessary to link these actual task requirements to the characteristics of the training system. This book provides such a conceptual bridge. The need for improved training is critical in the area of equipment operation, maintenance, and decision making tasks. For example, the importance of improved operator training in the nuclear power industry has become paramount since the Three Mile Island accident and the more serious accident at the Chernobyl reactor in the U. S. S. R. Technology, such as the availability and power of computers, offers a wider variety of training options, but requires additional training system design decisions

Spis treści

I: Simulation Fidelity: Definitions, Problems, and Historical Perspectives.- 1: Definitions and Problems in Training System Design.- Rationale for use of training devices.- Current training system design practices.- The need for training system design guidance.- 2: A Conceptual History of Simulation Fidelity.- Learning theory.- Transfer of training research.- Degree of simulation.- Human factors inputs to device design.- Psychological fidelity.- Device effectiveness prediction.- The Army Research Institute’s fidelity workshop.- Simulation fidelity.- Specifying fidelity in training systems.- 3: Simulation Fidelity as an Organizing Concept.- A working definition of fidelity.- Departures from high fidelity.- Fidelity and training effectiveness.- Fidelity and task analysis.- Fidelity analysis.- 4: A History of Device-based Training Systems.- Early years.- Early 20th century.- World War II.- The 1950’s.- The 1960’s and 1970’s.- The 1980’s and beyond.- Summary.- Future training options.- II: Fidelity and Training System Research.- 5: Training Effectiveness Evaluation.- Formative and summative evaluations.- General training evaluation measurement issues.- Types of training effectiveness assessment.- Assessing cost effectiveness.- Evaluating training effectiveness.- Conclusions.- 6: Aviation Training Research.- Early aviation research.- Modern aviation training research.- Summary of aviation training research.- 7: Operator and Maintenance Training Research.- Operator training.- Maintenance training.- Research on other variables.- Summary.- 8: Training for Cognitive Skills.- Training games.- Management training.- Logistics training and research.- Environmental simulation.- Health care training.- Training for international relations.- Summary.- III: Recent Fidelity Research.- 9: Systematic Fidelity Research.- Orientation for fidelity research.- A Perceptual-Motor Task.- An Electro-mechanical Troubleshooting Task.- Summary.- 10: Fidelity Research on Fault Diagnosis and Other Maintenance Tasks.- Development of computer simulations for fault diagnosis.- Training electronic switchboard maintenance.- Diagnostic training for nuclear power tasks.- Tutoring and context-specific simulation.- Fidelity requirements in maintenance training and aiding.- Summary.- IV: Current Trends and Future Directions In Training System Design.- 11: Current Trends in Training Systems: Computer-based Instruction, Embedded Training, and Artificial Intelligence.- Computer-based instruction.- Embedded training.- Artificial intelligence.- Summary.- 12: Systems Approach to Training Design.- Instructional systems development.- Modeling training systems.- Systems approach to fidelity.- 13: Current Simulation Fidelity Guidance and Areas for Future Research.- The training system development cycle.- Training needs assessment.- Training program design.- Implement program of instruction.- Evaluate the program of instruction.- References.