Shock Waves and High-Strain-Rate Phenomena in Metals: Concepts and Applications

ISBN-13: 9781461332213 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 1101 str.

Mare Meyers

Opis

The scientific understanding of high-velocity deformation has advanced substantially during the past decade. On the one hand, the framework for a theory explaining the metallurgical effects of shock waves is beginning to take shape; on the other hand, the technological applications of high strain-rate processes have found their way into industries in countries around the world. Ex- plosive cladding, welding, forming, compaction and consolidation, cutting, and hardening, in addition to high energy-rate deformation processes using other energy sources, are some of the topics of contemporary technological importance. Metallurgical effects are of the utmost importance in both the scientific understanding of the phenomena involved, and in the successful development and utilization of the associated applications. The international conference upon which this book is based had as its major objectives the acceleration of progress in the field of high-strain rate deformation and fabrication, including applications, by providing a forum for the exchange of state-of-the- art information on the metallurgical effects of high strain-rate deformation and fabrication; and the organization of this informa- tion into a timely and coherent body of knowledge focused around significant areas and applications. This volume is a manifestation of these objectives. In addition, the contents of this book were organized to provide for a somewhat logical perspective of the fundamentals, development, and state-of-the-art applications of high strain-rate and shock phenomena.

Spis treści

Section 1: Historical Perspective.- 1 Historical Perspective: Metallurgical Effects of High Strain Rate Deformation and Fabrication.- Section 2: High Strain-Rate Deformation.- 2 An Improved Technique for Determining Dynamic Material Properties Using the Expanding Ring.- 3 Comparison of Flow Curves of 6061 Aluminum Alloy at High and Low Strain Rates.- 4 Dynamic Behavior of High Strength Steels Under Tension.- 5 Plastic Deformation of Colliding Hemishells.- 6 Deformation Mechanisms of Impact-Loaded Tungsten Sinter Materials.- 7 Effects of Strain Rate on Deformation - Induced Martensite in 304 Stainless Steel.- 8 Some Metallurgical Aspects of the Dynamic Expansion of Shells.- Section 3: Dynamic Fracture.- 9 Linking Dynamic Fracture to Microstructural Processes.- 10 Internal Fractures in Solids of Revolution due to Stress Wave Focussing.- 11 Application of Survival Statistics to the Impulsive Fragmentation of Ductile Rings.- 12 The Effect of Strain History on Crack Initiation Under Dynamic Loading.- 13 A Study of the Material Failure Mechanisms in the Shear-Control Process.- Section 4: Adiabatic Shearing.- 14 Adiabatic Deformation and Strain Localization.- 15 Metallurgical Influences on Shear Band Activity.- 16 Formation of Adiabatic Shear Bands During Upsetting of 18-4-1 Alloy Steel at High Strain Rates.- 17 A Criterion for Thermo-Plastic Shear Instability.- 18 Material Factors in Adiabatic Shearing In Steels.- 19 Shear Strains, Strain Rates, and Temperature Changes in Adiabatic Shear Bands.- 20 Description of “Hot Spots” Associated with Localized Shear Zones in Impact Tests.- 21 Metallurgical Effects on Impact Loaded Materials.- Section 5: Shock Waves I: Experimental Techniques.- 22 Design of Uniaxial Strain Shock Recovery Experiments.- 23 Active Measurements of Defect Processes in Shock-Compressed Metals and Other Solids.- 24 Determination of Pressure in a Metal Plate at Propagation of Loading Over the Plate Surface.- 25 A Technique for the Generation of Pressure-Shear Loading Using Anisotropic Crystals.- 26 Determination of the Shear Strength of Shock Compressed 6061-T6 Aluminum.- 27 Attenuation of Shock Waves in Nickel.- 28 Generation of a Pressure Pulse for Dislocation Velocity Studies.- Section 6: Shock Waves II: Fundamentals.- 29 Moving Dislocations in the Shock Front.- 30 Defect Generation in Shock-Wave Deformation.- 31 Mechanisms of Deformation Under Shock Loading.- 32 Dislocation Generation in Pure Aluminum at Quasistatic and Shock Loading.- 33 Thomas - Fermi Approximation for Shock Wave Structure in Metals.- 34 Response of Polycrystalline Mar-M200 (A Nickel Base Superalloy) to Shock Loading.- 35 Investigation of Shock-Loaded Copper by Positron Annihilation.- 36 Dislocation Drag Mechanisms, High Velocity Dislocations, and Twinning.- Section 7: Shock Waves III: Microstructural and Mechanical Effects.- 37 Residual Microstructure - Mechanical Property Relationships in Shock-Loaded Metals and Alloys.- 38 Effects of Laser-Induced Shock Waves on Metals.- 39 Short Duration Shock Pulses as a Tool to Study the Time Dependence of Plastic Deformation.- 40 Shock-Induced Martensite Reversal in Fe-30%Ni.- 41 Repeated Shock Loading of Nickel and Stainless Steel.- 42 Effects of Peak Pressure, Pulse Duration, and Repeated Loading on the Residual Structure and Properties of Shock Deformed Metals and Alloys.- 43 Magnetic Properties and Microstructures Associated With the Shock-Induced Transformation of fcc Iron to bcc Iron.- 44 Investigation of Residual Change Stability in Structure and Properties of Internally Oxidized Cu-A?203 Alloys After Loading by Plane Shock Waves.- 45 Thermomechanical Processing by Shock Waves: An Overview.- Section 8: Dynamic Compaction of Powders.- 46 Fundamentals of Explosive Compaction of Powders.- 47 Formation Mechanism of Metallurgical Inhomogeneities Accompanying Shock Compaction of Porous Metals.- 48 Response of Metal Powders to High Transient Electrical Discharge.- 49 Metallurgical Effects Under Shock Compression of Powder Materials.- 50 Observation of Dislocations and Twins in Explosively Compacted Alumina.- 51 The Production of Strong Parts and Non-Equilibrium Alloys by Dynamic Compaction.- Section 9: Explosive Metal Working and Welding.- 52 Explosive Metal Working in the U.S.S.R..- 53 Explosive Welding - A Review.- 54 Microstructure and Bonding Mechanism in Explosive Welding.- 55 Influence of Collision Parameters on the Morphology of Interface in Aluminum-Steel Explosion Welds.- 56 Recrystallization of Explosively Formed Sheet Metal Parts out of Brass and Aluminum.- 57 Interfacial Wave Generation in Explosive Welding of Multilaminates.- 58 Fracturing of Embrittled Steel Vessels Into Preformed Fragments by Impulsive Loading.- Appendixes.- Appendix A Summary of Properties and Characteristics of Explosives.- Appendix B Temperature Rises Due To Shock Waves.- Appendix C Essential Equations on Shock Waves and How To Obtain Rankine-Hugoniot Plots for Metals.- Appendix D How to Obtain Hugoniot Relationships for Alloys.- Appendix E Nomograph for Determination of Flyer-Plate Velocity.- Appendix F Tabulation of Shock Wave Parameters as a Function of Pressure.- Appendix G Calculation of Rarefaction and Attenuation Rates of Shock Waves.- Contributors.