1. The Complexity and Multiplicity of Hominins in Africa and Asia 2. The Species Concept and the Reality of Introgression 3. Tools Used to Study Hominin Evolution 4. The First Out of Africa Migrants 5. Neanderthal Origin and Fossil Record 6. Neanderthal DNA 7. Neanderthal Habitat, Culture, Language and Intellect 8. To What Extent Neanderthals and Modern Humans Interacted 9. Evidence for Interbreeding Between of Neanderthals and Humans 10. The Extinction of Neanderthals 11. Gene Flow Involving Denisovans and Humans 12. The Mysterious Ancestor of Contemporary Asian and Oceanic Populations 13. Anatomical and Cultural Continuity between Homo erectus and Humans 14. Interactions between Homo heidelbergensis and sapiens in the Indian Subcontinent 15. Interactions Involving Homo floresiensis 16. Ancient Hominins Interbred Extensively and Regularly in Africa 17. Continuity of Traits Among Hominins in Asia and Oceania