1. Introduction to sensing and biosensing with optically active nanomaterials 2. Colorimetric sensing of metal ions and anions with Ag and Au nanoparticles 3. Fluorescent metal nanoclusters: synthesis and their applications in fluorescent sensing of metal ions and anions 4. Fluorescent sensing of metal ions and anions with quantum dots 5. Sensing with carbon nanomaterials (Chapter-1 on sensing applications with carbon materials such as, Graphene, Nanodiamond, Fullerene, carbon onion, nanohorn) 6. Sensing with carbon nanomaterials (Chapter-2 on sensing applications with carbon dots) 7. Sensing with carbon nanomaterials (Chapter-3 on sensing applications with SWNT and MWNT) 8. Organic nanoparticles: Synthesis and their applications in the field of fluorescent sensing 9. Sensing with nano-sized optically active metal oxides