1. Introduction2. Eulerian modeling of advection problems3. Stability, consistency, and convergence of Eulerian advection based numerical methods4. History of semi-Lagrangian methods5. Semi-Lagrangian methods for linear advection problems6. Interpolation methods7. Stability and consistency analysis of semi-Lagrangian methods for the linear problem8. Advection with nonconstant velocities9. Nonzero forcings10. Semi-Lagrangian methods for two-dimensional problems11. Semi-Lagrangian methods for three-dimentional problems12. Semi-Lagrangian methods on a sphere13. Shape-preserving and mass-conserving semi-Lagrangian approaches14. Tangent linear modeling and adjoints of semi-Lagrangian methods15. Applications of semi-Lagrangian methods in the geosciences