Seismic Risk Assessment and Retrofitting: With Special Emphasis on Existing Low Rise Structures

ISBN-13: 9789048126804 / Angielski / Twarda / 2009 / 495 str.

Ilki, Alper

Opis

This volume covers the interdisciplinary field of disaster mitigatition against earthquakes with special emphasis on prevention of total collapse of existing low rise buildings towards reduction of life losses and economical assets. Rehabilitation of thousands of low-rise buildings in many big cities located in earthquake prone areas, is practically impossible even though there are experimentally and analytically approved intervention techniques to protect these existing buildings. It is simply not possible to find a proper way and proper amount of financial support to do this job. It will be more realistic to change the target to be achieved in a relatively short time, especially if time shortage starts to become the most critical issue. The new target can be specified as the prevention of total collapse of low-rise low-cost existing buildings, at least to save as much lives and property as possible. Simple prescriptive techniques, which can be implemented by the building owners, should be prepared. The cost of the improvement techniques, all kinds of legal, economical and social issues for convincing people, and promotions such as tax exemptions should be discussed in detail. Writers of all chapters are leading researchers and engineers working in the field of structural and earthquake engineering. The book will start with an introduction chapter written by Prof. Helmut Krawinkler of Stanford University. In this chapter, past and present of studies towards seismically safe design and construction will be introduced, as well as potential future trends in structural and earthquake engineering. In other chapters, different subjects will be presented under three main titles, namely; determination of seismic risks, seismic safety assessment of existing buildings, and measures for prevention of total collapse.

Spis treści

Foreword Preface 1. Seismic Monitoring to Assess Performance of Structures in Near-Real Time: Recent Progress 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Two Approaches for Measuring Displacements 1.3 Monitoring Single Structure vs. Campus Structures 1.4 Conclusions 2. Dance for Modern Times: Insurance, Economic Stability and Building Strength 2.1 Preparing the Stage 2.2 Government Schemes – Insurance 2.3 Building Strength 2.4 Let’s Dance – The TCIP 2.5 Conclusion 3. A Critical Review of Current Assessment Procedures 3.1 Introduction 3.2 The SPEAR Project: Framework, Motivation, Methods 3.3 The SPEAR Structure 3.4 Assessment Exercise: Introductory Remarks 4. Risk Management and a Rapid Scoring Technique for Collapse Vulnerability of R/C Buildings 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Need for Mitigation Strategies at National Level 4.3 The Zero Loss of Life’ Project 4.4 P25 – Rapid Scoring Technique 4.5 Final Score in the P25 – method 4.6 Conclusions 5. The Importance of Plan-Wise Irregularity 5.1 Introduction 5.2 The SPEAR Project: Framework, Motivation, Methods 5.3 The SPEAR Structure 5.4 Critical Review of the Experimental Results 5.5 Retrofitting Strategies: Conceptual Design 5.6 Retrofitting Strategies: Comparative Critical Review of  The Experimental Results 5.7 Critical Evaluation of the Performance of The Interventions 5.8 Criteria for the Design of Retrofitting i Plan-Wise Irregular Structures 6. Advanced Composite Materials and Steel Retrofitting Techniques for Seismic Strengthening of Low-Rise Structures: Review 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Causes of Collapse 6.3 FRP Retrofitting Techniques for Collapse Prevention 6.4 Steel Retrofitting Techniques Used to Prevent Collapse 6.5 Conclusions 7. A Novel StructuralAssessment Technique to Prevent Damaged FRP-Wrapped Concrete Bridge Piers from Collapse 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Failure Mechanisms of FRP-Wrapped Concrete Systems 7.3 Structural Assessment Technique – Far-field Airborne Radar NDT 7.4 Conclusions 8. Strengthening of Low Rise Concrete Buildings: Applications after Dinar (1995) and Adana-Ceyhan (1998) Earthquakes 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Turkish Seismic Code Provisions for Masonry Buildings 8.3 Low-Rise Buildings: Masonry vs. Reinforced Concrete Frame Buildings? 8.4 The Dinar (1995) and the Adana-Ceyhan (1998) Earthquakes 8.5 Damage in Low-Rise Buildings 8.6 Post-Earthquake Evaluation of Damaged Low-Rise Buildings 8.7 Strength Evaluation of Low-Rise Buildings 8.8 Techniques for the Repair and Upgrading of Damaged Low-Rise Buildings 8.9 Application Details 8.10 Conclusions 9. Rehabilitation of Precast Industrial Buildings using Cables to Develop Diaphragm Action 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Prototype Building 9.3 Ground Motions 9.4 Overview of Rehabilitation Scheme 9.5 Analytical Models 9.6 Seismic Response of Rehabilitated Building 9.7 Strengthening of Connections 9.8 Summary and Conclusions 10. Vulnerability Evaluation and Retrofitting of Existing Building Heritage: an Italian Research Programme 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Seismic Danger 10.3 New Design Code 10.4 Seismic Vulnerability 10.5 Previous Researches 11. Soft-Landing Base-Isolation System 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Outline of the Soft-Landing Base-Isolation System 11.3 Shaking Table Test 11.4 Failure Mode Control of Existing Column 11.5 Existing and New Column Connection 11.6 Concluding Remarks 11.7 Future Studies 12. Development of a New Precast Concrete Panel Wall System Incorporated with Energy Dissipative Dowel Connectors 12.1 Introduction

Blurb

Many more people are coming to live in earthquake-prone areas, especially urban ones. Many such areas contain low-rise, low-cost housing, while little money is available to retrofit the buildings to avoid total collapse and thus potentially save lives. The lack of money, especially in developing countries, is exacerbated by difficulties with administration, implementation and public awareness.

The future of modern earthquake engineering will come to be dominated by new kinds of measuring technologies, new materials developed especially for low-rise, low-cost buildings, simpler and thus lower cost options for retrofitting, cost cutting and raising public awareness.

The book covers all the areas involved in this complex issue, from the prevention of total building collapse, through improvement techniques, to legal, financial, taxation and social issues.

The contributors have all made valuable contributions in their own particular fields; all of them are or have been closely involved with the issues that can arise in seismic zones in any country. The recent research results published here offer invaluable pointers to practicing engineers and administrators, as well as other scientists whose work involves saving the lives and property of the many millions of people who live and work in hazardous buildings.