Secular Solar and Geomagnetic Variations in the Last 10,000 Years

ISBN-13: 9789027727558 / Angielski / Twarda / 1988 / 528 str.

F. R. Stephenson; A. W. Wolfendale; F. Richard Stephenson

Opis

Solar and geomagnetic variability are of considerable interest for scientists of many different persuasions and indeed one has the distinct impression that for the sun at least, there is direct relevance for mankind in general as the interrelation between solar and terrestrial phenomena is starting to be appreciated. From the vast time scale of interest in the variability field, attention was confined to the last 10,000 years in a NATO Advanced Research Workshop held from April 6 - 10, 1987 in Durham, England, and the present publication comprises the lectures given there. Such a Workshop was very timely in view of the impressive new data available from 14C analysis in dated tree rings and lOBe in polar ice cores, from natural palaeomagnetic records in lacustrine sediments and from archaeomagnetic material. Also to be mentioned are new studies of historical accounts of naked-eye sunspots and aurorae. All the data have contributed to improvements in under- standing the relative variations of solar properties, the geomagnetic field and climate and it is hoped that this volume will convey the flavour of these advances in knowledge. A feature of the Workshop was the lively discussions which followed so many of the papers. There were several instances of healthy disagreement and this is reflected in the opposing views presented inanumber of the papers published here.

Spis treści

Section I. The Sun.- Variability of the Present and Ancient Sun: a test of Solar Uniformitarianism.- The Sun among the Stars: What Stars Indicate about Solar Variability.- Long and Short Cycles in Solar Activity during the last Millennia.- Is the Solar Cycle an Example of Deterministic Chaos?.- Fast Dynamos with Flux Expulsion.- The Pattern of Large-scale Convection in the Sun.- Section II. The Sun from Historical Records.- Solar Variability from Historical Records.- The Behaviour of Solar Activity as Inferred from Sunspot Observations 165 B.C. to 1986.- Solar, Geomagnetic and Auroral Variations Observed in Historical data.- Analysis of Pre-telescopic and Telescopic Sunspot Observations.- Seasonal and Secular Variations of the Oriental Sunspot Sightings.- The Solar Diameter since 1715.- Section III. The Sun and Climate.- The Climate of the Past 10,000 Years and the Role of the Sun.- The Climatic Impact of Secular Variations in Solar Irradiance.- Section IV. Solar and Geomagnetic Signals in Cosmogenic Nuclides and Sea Sediments.- The Solar Component of the Atmospheric 14C Record.- Production and Decay of Radiocarbon and its Modulation by Geomagnetic Field-Solar Activity changes with Possible Implications for Global Environment.- 10Be as a Proxy Indicator of Variations in Solar Activity and Geomagnetic Field Intensity during the last 10,000 Years.- Temporal 10Be Variations in Ice: Information on Solar Activity and Geomagnetic Field Intensity.- Model Comparison of 14C and 10Be Isotope Records.- The Dependence of Cosmogenic Isotope Production Rate on Solar Activity and Geomagnetic Field Variations.- Solar Imprint in Sea Sediments: the Thermoluminescence Profile as a New Proxy Record.- Section V. The Earth’s Magnetic Field.- Secular Variations of the Geomagnetic Field -the Archaeomagnetic Record.- The Geomagnetic Field over the Last 200 Years.- Geomagnetic Field and Radiocarbon Activity through Holocene Time.- Geomagnetic Secular Variation as Determined from Paleomagnetic Studies of Lake Sediments and its Relation to the Study of the Cosmic Ray Flux.- Archeomagnetic Results from United States, 10,000 BC to Present, and with some Data from MesoAmerica.- Geomagnetic Intensity Measurements from Northern Greece and their Comparison with other Data from Central and N. Eastern Europe for the Period 0-2000 yr AD.- Section VI. Cosmic Rays, the Earth and Cosmology.- The Sun and Cosmic Rays.- Terrestrial Variations within given Energy, Mass and Momentum Budgets; Paleoclimate, Sea Level, Paleomagnetism, Differential Rotation and Geodynamics.- Geophysical Observations over the Last Few Millennia and their Implications.- Astronomy: Evolution of Evolution.