Secret Groups in Ancient Judaism

ISBN-13: 9780190842383 / Angielski / Twarda / 2017 / 192 str.

Michael E. Stone

Opis

Were there groups in Ancient Judaism that cultivated esoteric knowledge and transmitted it secretly? With the discovery and burgeoning study of the Dead Sea Scrolls and particularly of the documents legislating the social structure of the Qumran group, the foremost paradigm for analysis of the group's social structure has become the "sect." This is still dominant, having replacing the monastic paradigm used by some of the earliest scholars of the Scrolls.

But after studying what has been written on secret societies more generally, Michael Stone has concluded that many known ancient Jewish groups-the Qumran covenanters, Josephus's and Philo's Essenes, and Philo's Therapeutae-should be viewed as societies at the heart of whose existence were esoteric knowledge and practice. Guarding and transmitting this esoteric knowledge and practice, Stone argues, provided the dynamic that motivated the social and conceptual structure of these groups. Analyzing them as secret societies, he says, enables us to see previously latent social structural dimensions, and provides many new enriching insights into the groups, including the Dead Sea covenanters.

By examining historical and literary sources, Stone uncovers evidence for the existence of other secret groups in ancient Jewish society. This line of study leads Stone not only to consider the "classical" Jewish apocalypses as pseudo-esoteric, but also to discern in them the footsteps of hidden, truly esoteric traditions cultivated in the circles that produced the apocalypses. This discovery has significant implications, especially considering the enormous growth of study of the apocalyptic in the Judaism of the Second Temple period and in nascent Christianity over the last seventy years.

Recenzje

In this brilliant new study, Michael Stone does what he does best: He has chosen a topic that has already received a fair amount of attention...and gives it a new twist. Instead of going with the familiar labels of 'sectarian' versus 'mainstream/normative,' Stone chooses to focus on 'secrecy' as his operating category. The Yahad Community at Qumran, the Essenes, and Philo's Therapeutae were all secret societies concerned with the cultivation and transmission of esoteric knowledge and practice. With unparalleled erudition, Stone draws on various academic fields of study, with which he remains in constant conversation. The result is another creative, insightful, and beautifully written work from one of the premier scholars alive today. When Stone has introduced new categories and ways of thinking in the past, others have followed suit... Another triumph.

O autorze

Michael Stone is the Gail Levin de Nur Professor Emeritus of Religious Studies and Professor Emeritus of Armenian Studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He is the author or editor of nearly 60 books, including Adamgirk`: The Adam book of Arak`el of Siwnik` (Oxford University Press, 2007).