Scientific Scholarly Communication: The Changing Landscape

ISBN-13: 9783319844466 / Angielski / Miękka / 2018 / 140 str.

Pali U. K. De Silva; Candace K. Vance

Spis treści

1 Scientific Scholarly Communication: Moving Forward Through Open Discussions

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Open and Unrestricted Access to Scientific Information 

1.2.1 Concerns with Openly Sharing Sensitive Scientific Information 

1.3 Sharing Scientific Data

1.3.1 Privacy and Genetic Data Sharing

1.4 Intellectual Property Rights and Scientific Scholarly Communication

1.4.1 Impact of IPR on Sharing Data

1.5 Measuring the Impact of Scientific Research

1.6 Concluding Remarks

1.7 References

2 Access to Scientific Knowledge: A Historical Perspective

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Scientific Scholarly Information Sharing: 1600 -1900

2.3 Scholarly Communication Developments in the 20th and the 21st Centuries

2.4 Journal Subscription Debates

2.5 Concluding Remarks

2.6 References

3 On the Road to Unrestricted Access to Scientific Information: The Open Access Movement

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Open Access to Scholarly Publications: Legislative and Other Supporting Initiatives

3.3 Initiatives by Scholars, Research Funders, and Other ‘Movers’

3.4 Measuring the Impact of OA Journals

3.5 OA Influence in the Developing World

3.6 OA Publishing Models 

3.6.1 Green OA Model

3.6.2 Gold OA Model

3.6.3 Other OA Models

3.7 Maintaining the Quality and Integrity of OA Journals

3.8 Concluding Remarks

3.9 References

4 Sharing Scientific Data: Moving Towards “Open Data?"

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Policy Initiatives Supporting Data Sharing

4.3 Involvement of Funding Organizations and Journal Publishers

4.4 Data Sharing Habits of Scientists

4.5 Data Sharing in Different Scientific Disciplines

4.5.1 Sharing Ecological Data

4.5.2 Sharing Genomic Data

4.6 Data Publication and Data Citation

4.7 Moving Towards “Open Data”

4.8 Concluding Remarks

4.9 References

5 Free Flow of Scientific Information vs. Intellectual Property Rights

5.1 Introduction

5.2 University-Industry Collaborations or Commercialization of Academic Research?

5.2.1 Patenting and Licensing Academic Scientific Discoveries - Government Legislations

5.2.2 IPR and Academic Research – The Debate

5.2.3 Negative Effects of Patenting Scientific Research

5.2.4 Patent Documents as Source of Scientific Information

5.2.5 Delay in Disclosure of Research Findings

5.3 IPR in Life Sciences

5.3.1 IPR and Biomedical Research

5.3.2 IPR and Biotechnological Advances in Agriculture

5.4 Concluding Remarks

5.5 References

6 Preserving the Quality of Scientific Research: Peer Review of Research Articles

6.1 Introduction

6.2 History of Peer Review

6.3 Criticism of the Peer Review

6.4 Bias in Peer Review

6.4.1 Prestige or Association Bias

6.4.2 Gender Bias

6.4.3 Confirmation Bias

6.4.4 Conservatism

6.4.5 Bias against Interdisciplinary Research

6.4.6 Publication Bias

6.5 Peer Review and Conflict of Interest

6.6 Different Models of Peer Review

6.6.1 Closed Peer Review: Single- vs. Double-Blind

6.6.2 Open Peer Review

6.6.3 "Non-Selective" Review

6.6.4 Immediate Publication With No Formal Review

6.7 Manipulation of the Peer Review Process

6.8 Should the Current System of Peer Review Be Continued?

6.9 The Peer Review System is Under Stress

6.10 Burden on Peer Reviewers

6.11 Ways to Improve the Peer Review System6.11.1 Training Peer Reviewers

6.11.2 Ethical Standards for Authors, Reviewers and Editors

6.12 Concluding Remarks

6.13 References

7 Measuring the Impact of Scientific Research

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Citation Data as a Tool to Measure the Impact of Scientific Scholarly Articles

7.3 Impact Factor to Measure Quality of Journals

7.3.1 Strengths of Impact Factor in Measuring Journal Quality

7.3.2 Limitations of Impact Factor in Measuring Journal Quality

7.3.3 Ability to Manipulate Journal Impact Factor

7.3.4 Issues with Discipline-Specific Journal Impact Factor Variations

7.4 Need for Other Indicators to Measure the Journal Quality

7.4.1 Eigenfactor Score

7.4.2 SCImago Journal Rank

7.4.3 Comparison of Eigenfactor Score, SCImago Journal Rank, and Journal Impact Factor

7.5 Measuring the Impact of Individual Scientists or Groups of Scientists

7.5.1 Hirsch Index (h-Index) and its Variants

7.6 Concluding Remarks

7.7 Reference

8 Assessing the Societal Impact of Scientific Research

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Challenges in Defining Societal Benefits

8.3 Research Assessment Strategies of Government Agencies in Different Countries 

8.4 Societal Impact Assessment Indicators

8.4.1 Alternative Metrics to Measure Societal Impact

8.4.2 Strengths and Limitations of Altmetrics as Scientific Research Assessment Tools

8.4.3 Altmetrics as Discovery Tools

8.4.4 Improving Standards and Credibility of Altmetrics

8.4.5 Association between Altmetrics and Traditional Citation Metrics

8.4.7 Science Blogging, Microblogging, and Citation Counts

8.5 Conclusion Remarks

8.6 References

9 Final Thoughts: Scientific Scholarly Communication - The March Forward

Index

O autorze

Pali U. K. De Silva (Ph.D. in Plant Health, Master of Library and Information Science) has been trained as a research scientist with expertise in biological and agricultural scientific disciplines. Because of the curiosity and interest she developed about the evolving scholarly communication system, she decided to learn more about it and pursued a degree in library and information science. After obtaining an MLIS, she changed her professional career direction to become an information professional and was affiliated with Iowa Sate University and Murray State University. During her career as an information professional, she became especially interested in the complexities of the changing scientific scholarly communication landscape and extensively researched the developments and trends in various aspects of the scientific scholarly communication system. This book is a product of that effort.

Candace K. Vance (B.S. in Agricultural Science, Master of Science in Information Sciences, M.A. and M.F.A. in English and Creative Writing). Her interest in science, particularly the health sciences, led her to an internship at Eskind Biomedical Library at Vanderbilt Medical Center after receiving her MSIS degree. She has been a health science librarian since 2000 and was affiliated with the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Aquinas College, and Murray State University. During this experience, she discovered the benefits of evidence-based medicine and the important role scientific scholarly communications plays in delivering the highest level of health care. Her research and teaching interests include scientific scholarly communication, the open access movement, assessing the impact of research, and scientific misconduct. These, combined with her interest in creative writing, helped her contribute in making this book a reality. 

Blurb

This book critically examines the historical developments and current trends in the scientific scholarly communication system, issues and challenges in scientific scholarly publishing and scientific data sharing, implications and debates associated with the influence of intellectual property rights on scientific information sharing, and new trends related to peer reviewing and measuring the impact of scientific publications. Based on thorough examination of published literature, the book illustrates the involvement of many stakeholders—scientists, science educators, university administrators, government entities, research funders, and other interested parties—in this complex and dynamic system. The discussion highlights the roles these stakeholders have to play, individually and collaboratively, to help transform the future of the scientific scholarly communication system.