School Desegregation: Past, Present, and Future

ISBN-13: 9781461591573 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 358 str.

Walter Stephan

Spis treści

Section I: Historical Background of School Desegregation.- 1 A Brief Historical Overview of School Desegregation.- From Slavery to Emancipation.- From the Civil War to World War I.- World War I to Brown.- The Brown Decision.- The Implementation of the Brown Decision.- Desegregation in the 1970s and Beyond.- References.- 2 School Desegregation: A Political-Economic Perspective.- The Cast of Characters.- The Quest for Legitimacy and Stability.- The Pressures for Change.- Why Litigation and Why Education?.- Corporate Liberals and Foundations.- The Success of Civil Rights Pressures.- Legitimacy Effects.- The Immediate Impact of Desegregation.- Reaction and Stagnation.- The White Backlash.- The Underlying Systemic Problems.- Conclusion.- References.- 3 The Serendipitous Effects of School Desegregation.- Minorities and Social Change.- Social Class Desegregation.- Increased Role of the State.- Redefinition of Education.- Implications for the Teaching Profession.- Changing Relations between School Board Members and Superintendents.- Increased Citizen Interest and Participation in Education.- Summary and Conclusions.- References.- Section II: Problems and Issues Concerning School Desegregation.- 4 From Prohibiting Segregation to Requiring Integration: Developments in the Law of Race and the Schools since Brown.- The Prohibition of Segregation.- Compulsory Integration in the Name of “Desegregation”.- “Desegregation” Means Busing.- “Desegregation” Moves North.- “Desegregation” Theory Applied to Limit Busing.- The Requirement of a Racially Discriminatory “Intent”.- References.- 5 Nondiscrimination and Beyond: The Search for Principle in Supreme Court Desegregation Decisions.- The Remedial Theory.- The Political Corruption Theory.- The Group Protection Theory.- Developments since Keyes: The Return of the Nondiscrimination Principle?.- Conclusion.- References.- 6 On the Future of School Desegregation: A New American Dilemma?.- An American Dilemma.- A New American Dilemma.- Sorting Out the Issues.- What the Issue Is Not.- What the Issue Is.- Further Implementation: A Glance Forward.- References.- 7 School Desegregation and Ethnicity.- A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Ethnic Backlash.- Acculturation, Assimilation, Pluralism.- References.- 8 On Democracy and School Integration.- The Events Surrounding the Court Order.- 1963-1970: State and Local Governments Cope with the Demands of the Civil Rights Movement.- 1970–1973: The Conflict Widens to Include Federal Authority and Constitutional Principles.- 1973–Summer 1974: The State Plan Is Announced and the Garrity Decision Is Heard.- Summer 1974–January 1975: Phase I Begins and the Community Reacts.- January 1975–Summer 1975: The Court Plans Phase II and the School Committee Moves toward the Threat of Receivership.- The Nature of the Costs and Objectives of Busing.- Racial Attitudes and Opposition to Busing.- Boston’s Conflict between Democracy and School Integration.- Conclusion.- References.- 9 White Flight and the Future of School Desegregation.- The Coleman and Farley Studies.- The Rossell Studies.- A New Study.- Results.- Quasi-Experimental Analysis.- Demographic Analysis.- Effects of Court Orders on Resegregation.- Metropolitan Plans: Jefferson County.- Reasons for White Flight.- The Los Angeles Survey.- The Future of School Desegregation.- References.- 10 School Segregation and Residential Segregation: Prefatory Statement.- School Segregation and Residential Segregation: A Social Science Statement.- The Causes of School and Residential Segregation and the Relations among Them.- Conclusions Social Science Can and Cannot Supply.- Knowledge about the Desegregation Process.- References.- Section III: Implementing Desegregation in the School.- 11 Design and Redesign of the Desegregated School: Problems of Status, Power, and Conflict.- I.- The Call for Cooperation.- Interracial Friendships Will Encourage Minority Academic Achievement.- A Desirable Proportion of Minority Students.- II.- Status Generalization in the Desegregated Classroom.- Modifying Expectations for Competence.- Multiple Ability Treatments.- Power in the Organizational Context.- III.- IV.- The Future.- References.- 12 Building Effective Multiethnic Schools: Evolving Models and Paradigms.- Atheoretical, Impact Studies.- Deficit Models and Psychological Hypotheses.- Deficiencies in Minority Children.- Deficiencies in Minority Families.- Deficiencies in Teachers.- Interpersonal Models and Social Structural Paradigms.- The Status Equalization Model.- An Integrated Status Equalization Model.- Conclusion.- References.- 13 Making School Desegregation Work.- Principles.- Educational Obligations.- Maximizing Beneficial Interracial Contact.- Community Acceptance of the Desegregation Plan.- Sources of Difficulty in Developing Principles for Effective Desegregation.- The Lateral Transmission of Values Hypothesis.- Strategies of Classroom Intervention.- Additional Concerns That Bear on Policy.- References.