Satellite Radar Interferometry: Subsidence Monitoring Techniques

ISBN-13: 9781402094279 / Angielski / Twarda / 2009 / 244 str.

V. B. H. (Gini) Ketelaar

Opis

Since the start of hydrocarbon production in the Netherlands, measurement c- paigns have been performed to measure the resulting subsidence, to which gas and oil companies in the Netherlands are legally obliged. The majority of the gas elds in the Netherlands, including the Groningen gas eld, are operated by Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij B.V. (NAM). Different subsidence measurement techniques (leveling, GPS) have been utilized since the 1960s. Synchronously, geodetic esti- tion methodologies have been developed to estimate subsidence due to hydrocarbon production from the measurements, in which the Delft Institute of Earth Obser- tionandSpaceSystems(DEOS)hasbeencloselyinvolved.Sincethe1990s, satellite radar interferometry (InSAR) as a deformation monitoring technique has developed. However, the situation in the Groningen area is challenging (temporal decorrelation, rural areas, atmospheric disturbances, small deformation rates several mm/year over a large spatial extent). In 2003, the project Fundamenteel Onderzoek Radar - terferometrie was approved (Regeling Technologische Samenwerking), which - abled a four year PhD research to investigate the feasibility of InSAR for monitoring subsidence due to hydrocarbon production, in cooperation between Delft University of Technology and NAM. This book describes the results of this scienti c research, that is directly coupled to the practical demand for subsidence monitoring te- niques. It covers the topic in a generic way: both precision and reliability of InSAR as a measurement technique and the estimation of earth surface deformation in the presence of multiple deformation causes are addressed."

Spis treści

1 Introduction 2 Subsidence due to hydrocarbon production in the Netherlands 3 Persistent Scatterer InSAR 4 Quality control 5 Multi-track PSI 6 PSI subsidence monitoring in Groningen 7 Cross-validation and operational implementation 8 Discussion and future subsidence monitoring 9 Conclusions and recommendations Bibliography Appendices

Blurb

This book covers a unique combination of scientific research and the practical demand for subsidence monitoring techniques focused on the satellite radar interferometry technique (InSAR). It covers the topic in a generic way: both precision and reliability of InSAR as a measurement technique, and the estimation of earth surface deformation in the presence of multiple deformation causes are addressed.

It provides a review of existing subsidence estimation methodologies using geodetic measurements, explains Persistent Scatterer InSAR (PSI), and proposes a new method for reliability assessment: multi-track datum connection. The presented methodologies are demonstrated for the entire northern part of the Netherlands and a part of Germany (covering ~15.000 km²), using multi-track SAR observations from ESA’s ERS and Envisat satellites.

The capability of PSI for wide-scale monitoring of subsidence rates of several millimeters per year in a rural area (which implies a low PS density) is shown. Additionally, methodologies for a better discrimination of the deformation signal of interest, subsidence due to hydrocarbon production, are assessed.

Essential for operational use, the performance of PSI with respect to the leveling technique is quantified. It is shown that the high spatial and temporal observation density of PSI moreover contributes to the understanding of subsurface processes. For example, subsidence due to gas extraction and subsequent uplift due to underground gas storage is clearly detected.

Audience:

This book will be of interest to scientists and professionals in geodesy and geophysics working with Radar Interferometry, studying displacements, subsidence, earthquakes, or volcanoes.