Satellite Communications

ISBN-13: 9789401097628 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 584 str.

Robert M. Gagliardi

Opis

This second edition of Satellite Communications is a revised, updated, and improved version of the first edition (Van Nostrand, 1984) and has been extended to include many newer topics that are rapidly becoming important in modem and next-generation satellite systems. The first half of the book again covers the basics of satellite links, but has been updated to include additional areas such as Global Positioning and deep space satellites, dual polarization, multiple beaming, advanced satellite electronics, frequency synthesizers, and digital frequency generators. The second half of the book is all new, covering frequency and beam hopping, on-board processing, EHF and optical cross- links, and mobile satellites and VSAT systems. All of these latter topics figure to be important aspects of satellite systems and space platforms of the twenty-first century. As in the first edition, the objective of the new edition is to present a unified approach to satellite communications, helping the reader to become familiar with the terminology, models, analysis procedures, and evolving design directions for modem and future satellites. The presentation stresses overall system analysis and block diagram design, as opposed to complicated mathematical or physics descriptions. (Backup mathematics is relegated to the appendices where a reader can digest the detail at his own pace. ) The discussion begins with the simplest satellite systems and builds to the more complex payloads presently being used.

Spis treści

1 Introduction.- 1.1 Historical Development of Satellites.- 1.2 Communication Satellite Systems.- 1.3 Communication Satellites.- 1.4 Orbiting Satellites.- 1.5 Satellite Frequency Bands.- 1.6 Satellite Multiple-Access Formats.- References.- Problems.- 2 Modulation, Encoding, and Decoding.- 2.1 Analog Modulation.- 2.2 Analog FM Carriers.- 2.3 Digital Encoding.- 2.4 Spectral Shaping.- 2.5 Digital Decoding.- 2.6 Error-Correction Decoding.- 2.7 Block Waveform Encoding.- 2.8 Digital Throughput.- References.- Problems.- 3 The Satellite Channel.- 3.1 Electromagnetic Field Propagation.- 3.2 Antennas.- 3.3 Atmospheric Losses.- 3.4 Receiver Noise.- 3.5 Carrier-to-Noise Ratios.- 3.6 Satellite Link Analysis.- 3.7 Dual Polarization.- 3.8 Effect of Depolarization on Dual Polarized Communications.- 3.9 Spot Beams in Satellite Downlinks.- References.- Problems.- 4 Satellite Electronics.- 4.1 The Transponder Model.- 4.2 The Satellite Front End.- 4.3 RF Filtering of Digital Carriers.- 4.4 Satellite Signal Processing.- 4.5 Frequency Generators.- 4.6 Transponder Limiting.- 4.7 Nonlinear Satellite Amplifiers.- References.- Problems.- 5 Frequency—Division Multiple Access.- 5.1 The FDMA System.- 5.2 Nonlinear Amplification with Multiple FDMA Carriers.- 5.3 FDMA Nonlinear Analysis.- 5.4 FDMA Channelization.- 5.5 AM/PM Conversion with FDMA.- 5.6 Satellite-Switched FDMA.- References.- Problems.- 6 Time-Division Multiple Access.- 6.1 The TDMA System.- 6.2 Preamble Design.- 6.3 Satellite Effects on TDMA Performance.- 6.4 Network Synchronization.- 6.5 SS-TDMA.- References.- Problems.- 7 Code-Division Multiple Access.- 7.1 Direct-Sequence CDMA Systems.- 7.2 Code Generation for DS-CDMA Systems.- 7.3 Performance of DS-CDMA Systems.- 7.4 Combined Error Correction and Code Addressing in DS-CDMA.- 7.5 Antijam Advantages of Direct Code Addressing.- 7.6 Satellite Jamming with DS-CDMA.- 7.7 DS-CDMA Code Acquisition and Tracking.- References.- Problems.- 8 Frequency-Hopped Communications.- 8.1 The Frequency-Hopped System.- 8.2 Frequency-Hopping Synthesizers.- 8.3 Performance of Frequency-Hopped Systems.- 8.4 Frequency-Hopped CDMA Systems.- 8.5 Jamming in Frequency-Hopped Systems.- 8.6 Code Acquisition and Tracking in FH Systems.- References.- Problems.- 9 On-Board Processing.- 9.1 On-Board Processing Subsystems.- 9.2 Baseband Digital Decoding.- 9.3 Data Reclocking, Routing, and Multiplexing.- 9.4 TDM-FDM Conversion.- 9.5 On-Board Remodulation.- 9.6 On-Board Baseband Processing with Beam Hopping.- 9.7 Multiple Spot Beaming.- 9.8 Photonic On-Board Processing.- References.- Problems.- 10 Satellite Crosslinks.- 10.1 The Crosslink System.- 10.2 Crossline Power Budget.- 10.3 Coherent and Noncoherent Communications at EHF.- 10.4 Autotracking.- 10.5 Autotrack Loop Analysis.- 10.6 Effect of Autotract Pointing Errors on PE.- 10.7 Optical Crosslinks.- References.- Problems.- 11 VSAT and Mobile-Satellite Systems.- 11.1 VSAT-Satellite-System Concept.- 11.2 Small-Terminal-Satellite Link Analysis.- 11.3 VSAT and Hub Networks.- 11.4 Direct Home TV Broadcasting.- 11.5 The Mobile-Satellite Channel.- 11.6 Communicating over the Mobile-Satellite Channel.- 11.7 Interleaving to Combat Deep Fading.- 11.8 Combined Coding and Modulation for the Mobile Channel.- References.- Problems.- Appendices.- A Review of Digital Communications.- A.1 Baseband Digital Waveforms.- A.2 BPSK Systems.- A.3 QPSK Carrier Waveform.- A.4 FSK.- A.5 DPSK.- A.6 MPSP.- A.7 Correlation Detection of Orthogonal BPSK.- A.8 MFSK.- A.9 Effect of Phase Noise on Noncoherent FSK and DPSK Systems.- A.10 MASK.- References.- B Carrier Recovery and bit Timing.- B.1 Carrier Recovery.- B.2 BPSK Carrier Recovery.- B.3 QPSK Carrier Referencing.- B.4 MPSK Carrier Referencing Systems.- B.5 Bit Timing.- References.- C Satellite Ranging and Position Location Systems.- C.1 Ranging Systems.- C.2 Component Range Codes.- C.3 Tone-Ranging Systems.- C.4 Position Locating and Navigation.- D Nonlinear Amplification of Carrier Waveforms.