Salvador Allende and the Villa San Luis: Icons of the Just City

ISBN-13: 9783031189371 / Angielski / Twarda / 2023 / 149 str.

Patricia Vilches

Opis

Through the history of this housing complex, this book illuminates Salvador Allende’s dedication to the imperative of the right to the city for Chile’s marginalized people. Built in affluent Las Condes in Santiago, on what is arguably the most expensive parcel of land in Chile, the Villa San Luis was one of Salvador Allende’s most visible and dramatic social projects. Allende’s six-year term was ended in the middle by a military coup d’état on 11th September 1973. Yet, material culture from Villa San Luis remains to convey the legacy of his commitment to providing disadvantaged families with dignified housing. It is a national lieu de mémoire and an iconic space, a reminder of a truly remarkable innovation in social housing and of Allende’s personal and political commitment to making Santiago a just city. Postcoup, the remains of the complex also relate the wider injustice of the Pinochet regime. Many of its families were violently evicted during the dictatorship. Some were dispossessed, taken away from Las Condes in garbage trucks, and dumped in poor communities around Santiago. The land was usurped by Pinochet on behalf of the army and later sold to developers to construct high-rise symbols of a new, neoliberal Chile. Over the decades, however, former residents fought back and, in 2020, they succeeded in making its one remaining structure, remnants of Block 14, a memorialized place of justice and reconciliation. It now a national monument and museum.

Spis treści

1. Introduction

A New Way of Living for the Working Classes

From Marginalized Citizens to Pobladoras and Pobladores

Apartment Block 14: A Monumental Construction

Chapter Contents

 

2 Chile and Its Spaces of Difference

Santiago and Covid-19

The 1800s, Martín Rivas, pelucones and pipiolos

Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna, Intendente of Santiago

Love, Friendship, and the Social Divide in Palomita Blanca and Machuca

On the Mapocho River, Cats Are Brought to Die

Inhabiting an In-betweeness

 

3 The Years of Constructing Daringly

Dis/Locating the City

A History of Tomas

Tomas and campamentos, 1960s and 1970s

The Making of the Villa San Luis

 

4 The Just City Invaded

Construction, Affect, and Fear of tomas

A Site of Despojos

Paradise Lost

 

5 From Social Experiment to Chile’s Most Expensive Paño Geográfico

Pinochet’s Hand in a Capitalist Imagined Community

Pinochet and the Villa San Luis in Democracy

Chile’s Habitus

Under the Nose of a New Democracy

The Inmobiliarias Build a Habitus

Contested Meanings for the Same Soil

The Fate of Lote 18-A

Allende’s Just City

6 The Villa San Luis: Five Decades Later

A National Monument

The Monumento Histórico Nacional and the Estallido Social

A Tale of Two Cities

The Social Spaces of Allende’s Presidential Candidacies

A Promise Builds a Legacy

O autorze

Patricia Vilches earned her Ph.D. in Romance Languages and Literatures from the University of Chicago. She is Professor of Spanish and Italian at Lawrence University, from which she retired. Her research focuses on Latin American cultural history, socio-political literary studies, material culture, and space studies with an emphasis on nineteenth-century Chile, through the work of Alberto Blest Gana, and twentieth-century Chile through Salvador Allende, Violeta Parra, Víctor Jara, and the Nueva Canción Chilena. Her publications include Blest Gana via Machiavelli and Cervantes: National Identity and Social Order in Chile (Cambridge Scholars 2017); an edited volume on Parra, titled Mapping Violeta Parra’s Cultural Landscapes, to which she also contributed a chapter (Palgrave McMillan 2018). She has also edited and contributed a chapter to the book Negotiating Space in Latin America (Brill 2020). Vilches edited and contributed a chapter to Blest Gana at 100, published by Open Cultural Studies (2021). This latter piece explores the social space of nineteenth-century Santiago, with themes that include the marketplace, consumerism, and sensorial stimuli. Vilches’s current research is on Chilean twentieth-century cultural and musical history via spatial, material, and geographical mapping.

Blurb

“This short, excellent, and surprisingly timely book, rediscovers for the Chilean 21st century what the 19th century elite called the social question: i.e., what to do with the poor and what and where is their place in modern society?”

--Juan Poblete, Professor of Latin/o American Literature and Cultural Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz.

“This wonderfully written book fills a void in the cultural history of Chile. It contextualizes and reviews the political history of the construction and destruction of the Villa San Luis de Las Condes, an audacious project of social integration and urban renewal in Santiago”

--Dr. Silvia Nagy-Zekmi, Professor Emerita of Hispanic and Cultural Studies at Villanova University.

The Villa San Luis de Las Condes illuminates Salvador Allende’s dedication to the imperative of the right to the city for Chile’s marginalized people. The military coup d’état of 11th September 1973 abruptly ended Allende’s presidency. Yet, material culture from the Villa San Luis remains to convey his legacy. It is a lieu de mémoire and an iconic space for Allende’s just city. The remnants of the building also relate the wider injustice of the Pinochet regime. Many of the families were violently evicted during the dictatorship. Some were dispossessed, taken from Las Condes in garbage trucks, and dumped in poor communities. Over the decades, former residents fought back and, in 2020, they succeeded in making Block 14 a memorialized place of justice and reconciliation. It is now a national monument.

Patricia Vilches holds a Ph.D. in Romance Languages and Literatures from the University of Chicago. She is Professor of Spanish and Italian at Lawrence University, from which she retired. Her research focuses on Alberto Blest Gana, Violeta Parra, Víctor Jara, the Nueva Canción Movement in Chile, and Salvador Allende. She is the author of Blest Gana via Machiavelli and Cervantes: National Identity and Social Order in Chile (2017); edited and contributed to Negotiating Space in Latin America (2020), and Mapping Violeta Parra’s Cultural Landscapes (2018).