Tobias Knedlik is Research Professor at the Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH) and Professor for International Economics at Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Germany.Samia Satti Mohamed Nour is Professor at the Department of Economics at the University of Khartoum, Sudan.Anthony Ifeanyi Ugulu is researcher at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa.Karl Wohlmuth is Professor Emeritus at the Department of Economics and Business Studies at the University of Bremen, Germany.