Role of Birds in Transmitting Zoonotic Pathogens

ISBN-13: 9789811645563 / Angielski / Miękka / 2022 / 276 str.

Yashpal Singh Malik; Arockiasamy Arun Prince Milton; Sandeep Ghatak

Opis

Zoonotic diseases pose a serious threat to global health and economy. Domestic and wild birds play crucial roles in transmission and spread of important zoonotic pathogens, with significant implications on human and avian health. Although zoonotic diseases have been extensively studied, information on various aspects of avian zoonotic pathogens have not been revisited or revised to any great extent. This book is a comprehensive and updated compilation of important zoonotic diseases that are transmitted by domestic and wild birds, and consists of 21 chapters that meticulously describe the (i) etiology and evolution, (ii) complex epidemiology, such as migration pathways in context of disease transmission, (iii) pathogenesis, (iv) clinical signs and necropsy findings, (v) diagnostics including latest molecular assays, and (vi) preventative and control strategies, with an emphasis on therapeutics and prophylaxis, of important zoonotic pathogens (bacterial, fungal, parasitic and viral) of avian origin in humans and birds. Each chapter is aptly supported by interactive tables and figures, and features an updated reference section. This book aims to create awareness and enlighten students of veterinary and human medicine on the role of birds in zoonoses, and would serve as a useful reference for working veterinarians, human doctors, and public health experts.

Spis treści

Chapter 1_Introduction and Objectives.- Chapter 2. Presentation of bird migration.- Chapter 2.1.Taxonomic groups involved with migration.- Chapter 2.2. Evolution.- Chapter 2.3. Route of bird migration.- Chapter 2.4. Adaptations and population-level scale.- Chapter 2.5. Flyways and stop-overs.- Chapter 2.6. Significance in disease transmission.- Chapter 3. Bacterial Diseases.- Chapter 3.1. Campylobacter.- Chapter 3.1.1. Introduction.- Chapter 3.1.2. Etiology and classification.- Chapter 3.1.3. Epizootiology.- Chapter 3.1.4. Pathogenesis and mode of transmission.- Chapter 3.1.5. Campylobacteriosis in birds.- Chapter 3.1.6. Public health concerns.- Chapter 3.1.7. Clinical signs and pathological changes.- Chapter 3.1.8. Treatment and control.- Chapter 3.2. Chlamydiosis (Psittacosis, Ornithosis) .- Chapter 3.2.1. Historical background.- Chapter 3.2.2. Etiology and Classification.- Chapter 3.2.3. Epizootiology.- Chapter 3.2.4. Transmission between different birds.- Chapter 3.2.5. Chlamydiosis in Ducks and Geese.- Chapter 3.2.6. Chlamydiosis in human beings.- Chapter 3.2.7. Clinical signs and pathological changes.- Chapter 3.2.8. Treatment and control.- Chapter 3.3. Collibacillosis (E. coli) .- Chapter 3.3.1. Introduction and Historical background.- Chapter 3.3.2. Etiology and classification.- Chapter 3.3.3. Antigenic structure of E. coli.- Chapter 3.3.4. Virulence associated factors.- Chapter 3.3.5. Epizootiology.- Chapter 3.3.6. Escherichia coli ,Wild Birds and the public health concerns.- Chapter 3.3.7. Clinical signs and pathological changes.- Chapter 3.3.8. Treatment and control.- Chapter 3.4.  Salmonellosis.- Chapter 3.4.1. Introduction.- Chapter 3.4.2. Etiology.- Chapter 3.4.3. Epizootiology.- Chapter 3.4.4. Wild birds as a carrier for Salmonellosis.- Chapter 3.4.5. Modes of transmission and Pathogenesis.- Chapter 3.4.6. Salmonellosis and public health concerns.- Chapter 3.4.7. Clinical signs and pathological changes.- Chapter 3.4.8. Treatment and control.- Chapter 3.5. Avian Tuberculosis.- Chapter 3.5.1. Introduction and Historical background.- Chapter 3.5.2. Etiology.- Chapter 3.5.2. Epizootiology.- Chapter 3.5.3. Pathogenesis.- Chapter 3.5.4. Mycobacterium in wild birds.- Chapter 3.5.5. Public health concerns to Mycobacteriosis.- Chapter 3.5.6. Clinical signs and pathological changes.- Chapter 3.5.7. Treatment and control. .- Chapter 3.6. Lyme Disease (Borrelia spp) .- Chapter 3.6.1. Introduction and Historical background.- Chapter 3.6.2. Etiology.- Chapter 3.6.3. Epizootiology.- Chapter 3.6.4. Avian Spirochetosis.- Chapter 3.6.5. Lyme Borreliosis in North America.- Chapter 3.6.6. Lyme Borreliosis in Europe.- Chapter 3.6.7. Pathogenesis.- Chapter 3.6.8. Clinical signs and pathological changes.- Chapter 3.6.9. Treatment and control.- Chapter 3.7. Avian Erysipeplas.- Chapter 3.7.1. Introduction and Historical background.- Chapter 3.7.2. Etiology.- Chapter 3.7.3. Epizootiology.- Chapter 3.7.4. Public health and animal health concerns.- Chapter 3.7.5. Erysiplothrix impact on the wild birds.- Chapter 3.7.6. Pathogenesis.- Chapter 3.7.7. Clinical signs and pathological changes.- Chapter 3.7.8. Treatment and control.- Chapter 3.8. Clostridia disease (Avian Botulism) .- Chapter 3.8.1. Introduction and Historical background.- Chapter 3.8.2. Etiology.- Chapter 3.8.3. Epizootiology.- Chapter 3.8.4. Public health concerns.- Chapter 3.8.5. Pathogenesis.- Chapter 3.8.6. Clinical signs and pathology.- Chapter 3.8.7. Treatment and control.- Chapter 3.9. Avian Cholera.- Chapter 3.9.1. Introduction and Historical background.- Chapter 3.9.2. Epizootiology.- Chapter 3.9.3. Pathogenesis.- Chapter 3.9.4. Public health and animal health concerns.- Chapter 3.9.5. Clinical signs and pathological changes.- Chapter 3.9.6. Impact of P. multocida on the wildlife populations.- Chapter 3.9.7. Treatment and control.- Chapter 3.10.  Spotted Fever Group of Rickettsiales.- Chapter 3.10.1. Introduction and Historical background.- Chapter 3.10.2. Epizootiology and Pathogenesis.- Chapter 3.10.3. Clinical signs and pathology.- Chapter 3.10.4. Public health and animal health concerns.- Chapter 3.10.5. Treatment and control.- Chapter 4. Viral Diseases.- Chapter 4.1.  Flaviviruses (West Nile Virus and Japanese encephalitis virus).- Chapter 4.1.1. Introduction and Historical background.- Chapter 4.1.2. Etiology.- Chapter 4.1.3. Epizootiology and pathogenesis.- Chapter 4.1.4. Natural Host and Age susceptibility.- Chapter 4.1.5. Mode of transmission and Incubation period.- Chapter 4.1.6. Clinical signs, Necropsy finding and Pathological changes.- Chapter 4.1.7. Disease in human.- Chapter 4.1.8. Prevention and control measures and vaccination protocols.- Chapter 4.2. Togavirus (Western Equine encephalitis virus).- Chapter 4.2.1. Introduction and Historical background.- Chapter 4.2.2. Etiology.- Chapter 4.2.3. Epizootiology and pathogenesis.- Chapter 4.2.4. Natural Host and Age susceptibility.- Chapter 4.2.5. Mode of transmission and Incubation period.- Chapter 4.2.6. Clinical signs, Necropsy finding and Pathological changes.- Chapter 4.2.7. Immune response and Diagnosis.- Chapter 4.2.8. Control measures and vaccination protocols.- Chapter 4.3. Avian Influenza.- Chapter 4.3.1. Introduction.- Chapter 4.3.2. Etiology and classification.- Chapter 4.3.3. Epizootiology.- Chapter 4.3.4. Incidence and distribution of AI.- Chapter 4.3.5. Hosts and Host restrictions.- Chapter 4.3.6. Methods of transmission.- Chapter 4.3.7. Public Health Concerns.- Chapter 4.3.8. AI impact on the wild life population.- Chapter 4.3.9. Domestic animal concerns regarding AI.- Chapter 4.3.10. Clinical signs.- Chapter 4.3.11. Treatment and control.- Chapter 4.4. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and other avian paramyxoviruses.- Chapter 4.4.1. Introduction, Synonyms, and Historical background.- Chapter 4.4.2. Etiology and strain classification.- Chapter 4.4.3. Epizootiology.- Chapter 4.4.4. Geographical distribution and incidence of the NDV.- Chapter 4.4.5. NDV modes of spread.- Chapter 4.4.6.NDV Public Health Concerns.- Chapter 4.4.7. Clinical signs.- Chapter 4.4.8. Necropsy findings.- Chapter 4.4.9. Pathogenesis.- Chapter 4.4.10. Diagnosis and Control measures.- Chapter 4.4.11. Treatment and control.- Chapter 4.5. Circovirus.- Chapter 4.5.1. Introduction.- Chapter 4.5.2. Etiology and classification.- Chapter 4.5.3. Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease.- Chapter 4.5.4. Historical background and introduction.- Chapter 4.5.5. Epizootiology and modes of transmission.- Chapter 4.5.6. Pathogenesis.- Chapter 4.5.7. Public health and animal health concerns.- Chapter 4.5.8. Goose and Duck Circoviruses.- Chapter 4.5.9. Diagnosis and Control measures.- Chapter 4.6. Rotavirus.- Chapter 4.6.1. Introduction and Historical background.- Chapter 4.6.2. Etiology and classification.- Chapter 4.6.3. Epizootiology.- Chapter 4.6.4. Pathogenesis.- Chapter 4.6.5. Clinical signs and pathology.- Chapter 4.6.6. Control measures.- Chapter 4.7. Usutu virus.- Chapter 4.7.1 Introduction and Historical background.- Chapter 4.7.2. Etiology and classification.- Chapter 4.7.3. Epizootiology.- Chapter 4.7.4. Pathogenesis.- Chapter 4.7.5. Clinical signs and pathology.- Chapter 4.7.6.  Diagnosis.- Chapter 4.7.7.  Control measures.- Chapter 5. Parasitic diseases.- Chapter 5. Cryptosporidiosis.- Chapter 5.1. Introduction.- Chapter 5.1.1. Epizootiology.- Chapter 5.1.2. Modes of transmission.- Chapter 5.1.3. Prevalence of the cryptosporidiosis.- Chapter 5.1.4. Cryptosporidiosis in Canada Geese.- Chapter 5.1.5. Pathogenesis and Cryptosporidiosis in human beings.- Chapter 5.1.6. Diagnosis and Control measures.- Chapter 5.1.7. Treatment and control.- Chapter 5.2. Giardiasis.- Chapter 5.2.1. Introduction.- Chapter 5.2.2. Epizootiology.- Chapter 5.2.3. Mode of transmission.- Chapter 5.2.4. Pathogenesis.- Chapter 5.2.5. Giardiasis and Canada Goose.- Chapter 5.2.6 Giardiasis in human beings.- Chapter 5.2.7. Diagnosis and Control measures.- Chapter 5.2.8. Treatment and control.- Chapter 5.3. Role of birds in tick-borne diseases .- Chapter 5.3.1. Introduction.- Chapter 5.3.2. Epizootiology and Mode of transmission.- Chapter 5.3.3. Tick-borne diseases.- Chapter 5.3.4. CCHF and Dermanyssus gallinae.- Chapter 5.3.5. Diagnosis and Control measures.- Chapter 5.3.6. Treatment and control.- Chapter 6. Mycotic Diseases.- Chapter 6.1. Aspergillosis- Chapter 6.1.1. Introduction and Historical background- Chapter 6.1.2. Epizootiology- Chapter 6.1.3. Mode of transmission- Chapter 6.1.4. Pathogenesis- Chapter 6.1.5. Public health and animal health concerns- Chapter 6.1.6. Clinical signs and necropsy findings- Chapter 6.1.7. Diagnosis and Control measures- Chapter 6.1.8. Treatment and control- Chapter 6.2. Dermatophytosis (Favus) - Chapter 6.3. Dactylariosis- Chapter 6.4. Histoplasmosis- Chapter 6.5. Cryptococcosis. - Chapter 6.6. Role of birds as vectors of fluke worms (Trichobilharzia szidati) - Chapter 7. Sporadic diseases affecting wild birds and of non-zoonotic importance- Chapter 7.1. Mycoplsmosis- Chapter 7.2. Ornithobacterium rhinotraheale- Chapter 7.3. Avian Herpesvirus- Chapter 7.4.  Avian Pox- Chapter 7.5 Avian adenoviruses- Chapter 7.6. Retrovirus infections- Chapter 7.7. Paplomaviruses and Polyomaviruses.- Chapter 8. Conclusions.- Chapter 9. Glossary- Chapter 10. List of abbreviations- Chapter 11. References.

 

O autorze

Prof (Dr) Yashpal Singh Malik is serving as Dean, College of Animal Biotechnology at Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, Punjab (India) and previously he served as ICAR-National Fellow at Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India. He works in viral disease epidemiology, virus-host interactions, microbial biodiversity, characterization, and diagnosis of pathogens. Prof Malik has acquired advanced training in Molecular Virology from University of Minnesota, the USA; Division of Virology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan, China. He is a recipient of several prestigious National, State and Academy awards and honors including ICAR-Jawaharlal Nehru Award. He has supervised 5 Ph.D. and 17 M.V.Sc. students. Has authored 5 books, 25 book chapters, and published 217 scientific research and review articles. Dr Malik has been the Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Immunology Immunopathology. He has also edited special issues of Springer’s journal “VirusDisease”, Bentham’s journal “Journal of Current Drug Metabolism” on emerging thematic areas. Prof Malik is editing Springer’s book series on Livestock Diseases and Management as "Series Editor". 

Dr A. Arun Prince Milton, is currently serving as a Scientist (Veterinary Public Health) in the Division of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH region, Umiam, Meghalaya under Indian council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). He has fine experience in carrying out research programmes related to zoonoses and food safety. Dr. Milton has published over 45 scientific research articles in the field of zoonoses, food microbiology, and epidemiology of important animal diseases in various peer-reviewed, indexed international and national journals. He has also published 10 book chapters in books published by reputed publishers like Springer, Taylor and Francis, etc. He has also presented various research papers in national and international conferences. He is a recipient of number of prestigious awards including Mahendra Pal Zoonoses Award, Sir. F.M. Burnett Memorial Award, Dr. C.M. Singh National Award of Excellence, Young Researcher Award, etc. Currently, he is studying rodent- and foodborne zoonoses, and developing diagnostics for important foodborne pathogens.

Dr Sandeep Ghatak, is currently serving as Principal Scientist (Veterinary Public Health) in the Division of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya under Indian council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). He is experienced in research on zoonoses and antimicrobial resistance. Dr. Ghatak has published over 40 scientific research articles in the field of zoonoses, food microbiology, antimicrobial resistance and epidemiology of important animal diseases in various peer-reviewed, international and national journals. He has also published 6 book chapters in books published by reputed publishers like Springer, Taylor and Francis, etc. He has also presented various research papers and invited lectures in national and international conferences. He received post-doctoral training in United States Department of Agriculture. Currently he is involved in research on genomic epidemiology of animal and foodborne diseases and antimicrobial resistance.

Dr Souvik Ghosh, BVSc & AH (Gold Medalist), MVSc, PhD, is a professor of infectious diseases, director of the One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, and course director of DVM Virology at the Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine (RUSVM), an AVMA accredited vet school in St. Kitts and Nevis, West Indies. Dr Ghosh’s research focuses on molecular epidemiology, genetic diversity, and interspecies transmission of animal and human viruses. He has published 99 research papers and review articles in peer-reviewed biomedical journals with over 2400 citations so far. Dr Ghosh serves as the section editor of Archives of Medical Science and Frontiers in Microbiology, review editor of Frontiers in Veterinary Sciences, and in editorial board of Pathogens (MDPI) and Epidemiologia (MDPI). He is a member of the ICTV Picobirnaviridae study group, distinguished member of the World Society for Virology, and fellow of Indian Virological Society. He was involved in research capacity building and training in tropical countries. Because of his contributions to teaching, he received twice the CARE award from RUSVM.