Rocky Shores: Exploitation in Chile and South Africa

ISBN-13: 9783642782855 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 177 str.

W. Roy Siegfried

Opis

The use of marine organisms as food by man is almost as old as man himself. Treated here are ecological and socio-economic aspects of the human exploitation of nearshore and intertidal resources on rocky shores, excluding fish, in South Africa and Chile. Impacts both on target species and ecosystem functioning are considered. The subsistence and commercial benefits of exploitation are discussed, and management options are reviewed in the contexts of conservation biology and socioeconomics. An important feature of the book is the intercontinental comparison, which highlights both the similarities and differences in the types of organisms exploited and the consequencesfor community-level interaction. The scientific framework for a sound littoral resource management is provided, and the principles derived cover asufficiently diverse array of ecological processes to researchers in the field of littoral exploitation, of marine and community ecology, anthropology and socioeconomics.

Spis treści

1 The Exploitation of Intertidal and Subtidal Biotic Resources of Rocky Shores in Chile and South Africa — An Overview.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Prehistorical and Historical Exploitation.- 1.3 Scope of Modern Exploitation.- References.- 2 Man as a Component of the Littoral Predator Spectrum: A Conceptual Overview.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Stability and Equilibria in Natural Systems.- 2.3 Co-evolution, Adaptation and Exaptation as Variables in Intertidal Predator-Prey Interactions.- 2.4 Characteristics of Human Predation in the Intertidal Zone.- 2.5 Consequences of Human Predation in the Intertidal Zone.- 2.6 Conclusions.- References.- 3 Seaweeds as Resources.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 The Nature and Historical Development of Seaweed Industries.- 3.3 Ecological Effects of Seaweed Removal.- 3.4 General Patterns.- References.- 4 Intertidal and Subtidal Filter-Feeders in Southern Africa.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 The Principal Filter-Feeders.- References.- 5 Intertidal and Subtidal Grazers.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 The History of Modern Exploitation.- 5.3 Target Species.- 5.4 Direct Effects of Human Exploitation on the Target Species.- 5.5 The Value of Reserves.- 5.6 Changes in Density, Size and Intrinsic Attributes of Grazers.- 5.7 Indirect Interspecific Effects of Exploitation.- 5.8 Ripple Effects and Multispecies Fisheries.- 5.9 Overall Comparisons Between South Africa and Chile.- References.- 6 Exploitation of Two Critical Predators: The Gastropod Concholepas concholepas and the Rock Lobster Jasus lalandii.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Biology of the Loco.- 6.3 The Loco Fishery.- 6.4 Biology of the Rock Lobster.- 6.5 The Rock Lobster Fishery.- 6.6 The Effects of the Loco on Its Biotic Community.- 6.7 The Effects of the Rock Lobster on Its Biotic Community.- 6.8 Comparisons Between the Loco and the Rock Lobster.- 6.9 Alternative Stable States.- References.- 7 Biological Options for the Management of the Exploitation of Intertidal and Subtidal Resources.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 The Vulnerability of Different Species.- 7.3 Objectives of Management.- 7.4 Techniques for Management.- 7.5 Problems Attending Management Methods.- 7.6 Functions of Reserves.- 7.7 Selection Criteria for Reserves.- References.- 8 Socio-Economic Options for the Management of the Exploitation of Intertidal and Subtidal Resources.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 The Problem of Managing Intertidal Resources Through Legislation.- 8.3 Common-Property Exploitation in the Intertidal: A Certain Recipe for Disaster.- 8.4 From Common Property to Private Ownership: The Focus Shifts to Fewer Individuals.- 8.5 The Co-operative Option: Can Social Feedback Lead to Mutual Coercion and Self-Restraint?.- 8.6 Can a Co-operative Management Structure Lead to the Protection of Coastal Resources by Social Feedback?.- 8.7 Private Incentive in the Co-operative System.- 8.8 A Gentle Harvest.- 8.9 Coastal Marine Reserves.- 8.10 The Efficacy of Co-operatives.- 8.11 Conclusions.- References.- Index of Scientific Names.- Locality Index.