Revisiting the Informal Sector: A General Equilibrium Approach

ISBN-13: 9781441911933 / Angielski / Twarda / 2009 / 243 str.

Sarbajit Chaudhuri; Ujjaini Mukhopadhyay

Opis

Informal sector has emerged as a critical element in the development process of theentiredevelopingworld.Itisnowwellrecognisedthatsuchasectorprovides employmenttothemajorityoftheworkforceinthepoorcountries.Sometimesthe shareofemploymentintheseactivitiesgoeswaybeyond50%oftotalemployment. Informalusuallyreferstoextra-legalandnon-recordedeconomicactivitiesandcan captureawholearrayofdiverseoccupations, productsandservices.Development Economicsasadisciplinehasnottreatedsuchtopicswithadequatereverence.Text booksdealingwitheconomicdevelopmentdonothaveexclusivesectionsdevoted to the discussion of growth, dynamics and sustenance of informal activities. In particular how informal transactions in?uence employment, output, productivity, wagesandenvironmentisseldomdiscussedformallyintermsofanalyticalm- els. Informal sector does not operate in a vacuum. Thus the general equilibrium linkages involving the informal and formal activities also need to be explored in detailifdevelopmentpoliciesaretobeproperlyevaluated.Thisvolumesuccessfully addressesboththeseissuesanddoesitwithcompetenceandrigour. Authorsofthisvolumehavebeenworkingonthefrontiersofdevelopmentpolicy researchinthecontextofopendevelopingeconomies, focusingmainlyongeneral equilibriumimplicationsofsuchpolicies.Infactoneoftheauthorshaswrittenat length on informal credit market. Sustained research programme on such a topic ofgreatsigni?cancelendscredibilitytothisvolume.Itisalsohightimethats- eralinternationalpublicationsoftheauthorsinrelatedareasareputtogetherina comprehensivemonograph.Iamde?nitesuchavolumewillbeveryhelpfultos- dents, researchers, policy makers and anyone seriously interested in development economics. CentreforStudiesinSocialSciences, Calcutta, India SugataMarjit vii Preface In the last few decades informal sector has drawn serious cognizance among economists in view of its role in developing economies. The earlier contention that the informal sector epitomises the 'residual' sector or a sector of last resort has been belied by a plethora of evidences indicating its dynamic character and its instrumental role in ameliorating unemployment and in propelling the dev- oping economies towards growth and prosperity. This conceptual metamorphosis regarding the informal sector has stimulated revived interest in the phenomenon amongdevelopmenteconomists.Thereexistmanybooksthatdealwiththesector analyticallyorempirically. However, the theoretical analysis of the different aspects of the sector is equally important, especially for formulation of appropriate policy prescriptions. Comparativestaticresults, inmanycases, divergefromtheconventionalresults.We noticedthatalthoughvariousauthorshavepublishedtheoreticalpapersindifferent journals, there are very few books that try to understand the informal sector in a theoreticalframework.Thislacunainculcatedinusaninteresttowritethisbook.

Spis treści

Theoretical Foundations: A General Equilibrium Approach.- The Harris–Todaro Migration Model and Introduction of the Informal Sector.- Informal Sector and Open Unemployment.- Foreign Capital Inflow, Informal Sector and Welfare.- How and How Far to Liberalise a Developing Economy.- Economic Liberalisation, Informal Wage and Skilled–Unskilled Wage Inequality.- Incidence of Child Labour, Informal Sector and Economic Liberalisation.- Informal Sector, Pollution and Waste Management.- Conclusion and Comments.

Blurb

The last 50 years have seen unprecedented population growth and urbanization, particularly in developing countries. However, economic development in these countries has failed to generate adequate employment and income opportunities in the modern sector. This imbalance has compelled the surplus labor force to generate its own means of employment and survival in the informal sector. The informal sector is economic activity that is neither taxed nor monitored by a government. Its main characteristics are: easy entry for new enterprises, reliance on indigenous resources, family ownership of enterprises, small scale operations and low productivity, labor-intensive and adapted technology, reliance of workers on informal sources of education and skills, unregulated and competitive markets and lack of governmental support.

This timely, comprehensive book provides insight into the diverse aspects of the informal sector, its role in the context of unemployment, child labor, globalization and environment, as well as its multi-faceted interaction with the other sectors of the economy. It outlines previous doctrines that portray the informal sector as a sector of last resort, and elucidates newer approaches that see the informal sector as dynamic and instrumental in ameliorating unemployment and propelling the developing economies towards growth and prosperity. Finally, the book critically reviews the contradictions within both to trace the nature and direction of desirable policy parameters. It is an invaluable reference for academics and students in development and international economics. The book’s findings will also be useful to policymakers for application to development projects.