Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation: Volume 1

ISBN-13: 9781468442649 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 818 str.

Donald Thompson

Opis

Perhaps the largest symposium held annually in the area of quantitative nondestructive evaluation is the one which resulted in this book. The 1981 Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) was held August 2-7 at the University of Colorado in Boulder. While the review was sponsored by the Materials Laboratory of the Air Force Wright Aeronautical Laboratories and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency as part of their sponsored research conducted through the Ames Laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, nearly 300 attendees, representing other government agencies and the industrial and university communities as well, participated in the technical presentations, poster sessions and discussions. The program emphasized various areas of interest in quantitative NDE, including topics related to the development of quantitative ultrasonic and eddy current techniques, other emerging techniques, considerations of im- provements needed in the probability of flaw detection, and engineering applications which follow from technology transfer of research results. An example of this transfer is the utilization of the Born inversion algorithm for flaw sizing. The keynote address, "NDE--A Key to Enhanced Producti vity," was deli vered by Dr. Norman Tallan, Chief Scientist at the Air Force Materials Laboratory. Dr. Tallan's presentation concerned the importance and potential pay-off of moving the NDE inspection procedure forward to provide in-process inspection and control for manufacturing. This step requires the utilization of concepts and research pursued in quantitative NDE activities and the initiation of other key steps.

Spis treści

Section I — Introductory.- NDE — A Key To Enhanced Productivity.- Increased Reliability — A Critical Nde Research Goal.- Section II — Current Status of Elements of Quantitative Nde.- Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics.- Present Status and Future Needs for Quantitative Measurement Techniques.- Overview of Probabilistic Failure Prediction and Accept-Reject Decisions.- Section III — Nde Engineering Application.- Advanced Signal Processing of Turbine Rotor Bore Waveforms.- An Automated Production Holography Test Facility.- Automated Ultrasonic Dimentsional and Defect Inspection of Complex Geometry Gas Turbine Airfoil Shapes.- A Variable Reluctance Probe for the Detection of Magnetite Buildup in Steam Generator Tubing.- Retirement for Cause Inspection System Design.- An Enhancement for the Ultrasonic Test Bed to Inspect Engine Disk Bolt Holes.- The Epri Nde Center.- Section IV — Direct Scattering––Ultrasonics.- Elastic Wave Scattering Calculations, the Born Series and the Matrix Variational Pade Approximant Method.- The Eikonal Approximation in Elastic Wave Scattering Theory.- Inverse Scattering at long wave length: ?? = 0.- The Unimoment Method for Elastic wave Scattering Problems.- Method of Equivalent Inclusion in Dynamic Elasticity.- Advances in Numerical Studies of Elastic wave Propagation and Scattering.- Multiple Scattering Formalism: Application to Scattering by two Spheres.- Experimental Measurements of Scattering from Bulk Flaws.- Characteristics of the Reflection of sv waves from Submicron Thickness Liquid Layers.- Section V — Inversion Process for flaw Characterization.- Inversion of Ultrasonic Scattering Data.- The Theory of Flaw Centroids and Low-Frequency Phase Shifts––a Review.- Ultrasonic Defect Classification using the Singularity Expansion Method.- Application of Parameter Estimation/System Identification to Quantitative Ultrasonic Nde.- Rigorous Results on Inverse Source and Inverse Scattering Theory.- Sizing of Surface Cracks in a Plate using sh Waves.- Range of Applicability of Inversion Algorithms.- Test Bed for Quantitative Nde — Inversion Results.- Section VI — Posters-Ceramics, Composites, and Selected Applications.- Fluorescent Dye Penetrant Inspection of Silicon Nitride Bearing Surfaces.- The Application of the State-of-the-Art Nde Techniques to Defect Detection in Silicon Carbide Structural Ceramics.- Tensile Testing of Silicon Nitride.- Application of the Ultrasonic Test Bed for Graphite/Organic Composites.- Fatigue Lifetime Predictions From Ultrasonically Detected Laminar Defects in a Graphite-Epoxy Composite.- Characterization of Stability Mechanisms in Advanced Composites.- Ultrasonic Evaluation of U — 3/4 ti Penetrators by Amplitude and Frequency Analysis.- Ultrasonic Test Samples.- Nde of Simulated Space Shuttle Tile Disbonds.- Thermal Spray Nde Requirements for Production Quality Assurance in the Usn.- Section VII — Fracture Mechanics––Nde Interface.- Mechanisms Which Influence the Applicability of Fracture Mechanics for Short Cracks.- Crack Opening Displacement as a Fracture Mechanics Parameter in Eddy Current Nde.- Effects of Closure on the Detection Probability of Fatigue Cracks.- Section VIII — Eddy Currents.- A Theory of Eddy Current Nde for Cracks in Nonmagnetic Materials.- Developments in the Finite Element Modeling of Eddy Current Phenomena at Colorado State University.- Analytical Methods in Eddy Current Nde.- Impedance Changes Produced by a Crack in a Plane Surface Arnold.- System Analysis of Eddy-Current Measurements.- Absolute Eddy-Current Measurement of Electrical Conductivity.- Multisegment Eddy Current Probe.- Nde of Fastener Hole Cracks by the Electric Current Perturbation Method Cecil.- Section IX — Acoustic Emission.- The Inverse Problem of Acoustic Emission-Explicit Determination of Acoustic Emission Source––Time Functions.- A Case Study of Sensitivity of some Pattern Classifiers used in Sorting Acoustic Emission Signals.- Quantitative Acoustic Emission Studies for Materials Processing.- Nes Developments in Quantitative Acoustic Emission Measurements.- Quantitative Acoustic Emission for Source Characterization in Metals.- Acoustic Emission During Plastic Deformation and Crack Growth in 2024 and 2124 Aluminum Alloys.- Develop In-Flight Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Aircraft to Detect Fatigue Crack Growth.- Establishing Signal Processing and Pattern Recognition Techniques for Inflight Discrimination Between Crack-Growth Acoustic Emission and Other Acoustic Waveforms.- Investigation of Machining, and Cutting Tool Wear and Chatter Using Acoustic Emission.- Production Acoustic Emission Testing of Braze Joints.- Section X — Cracks I.- Crack Characterization by the Combined Use of Time-Domain and Frequency-Domain Scattering Data.- Diffraction of Sh Waves by A Near Surface Crack.- Calculation of Scattering of Elastic Waves From Flat Cracks.- The Scattering of Elastic Waves by Isolated Cracks Using A New Integral Equation Model.- The Quantitative Use of Rayleigh Waves to Locate and Size Subsurface.- Bulk and Surface Wave Scattering From Surface Breaking Cracks.- Inversion Algorithms for Crack-Like Flaws.- Inversion of Scattering Data of the Shadow Region of Discontinuities.- Section XI — Cracks II.- Crack Closure Effects in Ultrasonic Nde for Real Part-Through Fatigue Cracks in Al-Alloy.- Rayleigh Spectroscopy for Characterizing Surface Cracks.- Optical Probing of Resonant Ultrasonic Scattering From Machined Flaws in Plates.- Long Wavelength Measurements of Surface Cracks in Silicon Nitride.- Long Wavelength Rayleigh Wave Scattering From Microscopic Surface Fatigue Cracks.- Section XII — Reliability and Accept/Reject Criteria.- Characterization of Nde Reliability.- Detection of Surface Cracks in Bimetallic Structures-A Reliability Evaluation of Five Ultrasonic Techniques.- Nondestructive Evaluation of Ceramics.- Probabilistic Failure Prediction for Ceramics.- Section XIII — Posters-Material Properties.- Single-Crystal Elastic Constants in Nondestructive Evaluation of Welds.- An Ultrasonic Investigation of Precipitation Hardening Phenomena in 2219 Aluminum Alloy.- Effect of Texture On Reliability of Ultrasonic Testing of Extruded Stainless Steel Pipes.- A Resonance Method for Measurement of Longitudinal and Transverse Ultrasonic Wave Velocities and Their Attenuations.- An Improved Approach to the Computation of Sonic Resonant Frequencies of Cylinders.- Applied Stress Determination Using Computerized Ultrasonic Techniques.- Section XIV — Developing Nde Technologies.- Positron Annihilation in Nondestructive Testing.- Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials by Optical Correlation.- Scanning Photoacoustic Microscopy (Spam) of Si3N4. Ceramic Test Bars.- The Effect of Plastic Deformation On the Acoustoelastic Response of Metals George.- The Use of Analytical Mechanics in Defining Acoustic Test Methodology.- Section XV — Transducers and Imaging.- Investigation of Ultrasonic Transducers As Used for Nondestructive Testing.- Transient Voltage From Piezoelectric Disks Produced by Mechanical Disturbances.- Evaluation of Transient Radiation Patterns of Ultrasonic Phased Arrays.- Experimental and Computer-Simulated Holographic Inspection of Axisymmetrically Flawed Spherical Pressure Vessels.- Quantitative Time-Of-Flight (Tof) Imaging for Nondestructive Evaluation by Computerized Ultrasonic Tomography.- Parameter Study of Synthetic-Aperture Focusing in Ultrasonics.- The Effects of Surface Mapping Corrections with Synthetic-Aperture Focusing Techniques on Ultrasonic Imaging.- Quantitative Flaw Characterization by Means of the Scanning Laser Acoustic Microscope (Slam).- Quantitative Evaluation of Real-Time Synthetic Aperture Acoustic Images.- Acoustic Imaging with two Dimensional Arrays.- Test Bed for Quantitative Nde-Imaging Results.- Attendee List.- Contributors.