Acknowledgements; Introduction; Part I. The Nature of Revenge: 1. Revenge: what it is and what it isn't; 2. A little natural history; 3. Interpretations of harm, norms of response; 4. Groups as victims and avengers; Part II. The Morality of Vengeance: 5. Revenge, punishment, and the state; 6. The immorality of revenge, considering the consequences; 7. Some nonconsequentialist responses; 8. War and vengeance; 9. Undermining vengeance, building sustainable peace; Bibliography; Index.