Resistance’ 91: Achievements and Developments in Combating Pesticide Resistance

ISBN-13: 9781851668861 / Angielski / Twarda / 1992 / 367 str.

I. Denholm;A. Devonshire;D. Hollomon

Opis

The development of pesticide resistance in arthropod pests, plant pathogens and weeds can be viewed and studied from two contrasting perspectives. At a fundamental level, resistance provides an almost ideal example of adaptation to withstand severe environmental stress. Population geneticists, biochemists and, most recently, molecular biologists have cast considerable light on the nature of this adaptation in diverse taxonomic groups, and on factors determining its selection and spread within and between populations. Unlike most evolutionary phenomena, however, resistance is also of immediate practical and economic significance. Not only has the number of resistant species continued to increase inexorably, but there has been an alarming increase in the severity and extent of some resistance problems. Cases of organisms resisting virtually all available pesticides are by no means uncommon, and pose a formidable challenge in view of present difficulties in discovering and developing novel chemicals. Although most occurrences of resistance were initially monofactorial, resistance now frequently involves a suite of coexisting mechanisms that protect organisms against the same or different pesticide groups, and may even predispose them to resist new, as yet unused chemicals.

Spis treści

Monitoring Methods and Field Results.- Monitoring Fungicide Resistance: Purposes, Procedures and Progress.- Role of Mutation and Migration in the Evolution of Insecticide Resistance in the Mosquito Culex pipiens.- Herbicide Resistance in the Weed Alopecurus myosuroides (Black-Grass): The Current Situation.- Strategies and Evaluation.- IRAC Fruit Crops Working Group Spider Mite Resistance Management Strategy.- Fungicide Resistance Strategies in Winter Wheat in the Netherlands.- Evolution and Management of Resistance in the Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata.- Multiple Herbicide Resistance in Annual Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum): A Driving Force for the Adoption of Integrated Weed Management.- Management of Insecticide Resistance in Heliothis armigera in Australia: Ecological and Chemical Countermeasures.- Resistance to Phenylamide Fungicides: Strategies and their Evaluation.- The International Organization for Resistant Pest Management (IRPM): A Fresh Collaborative Approach.- Simulation and Prediction.- What Do We Really Know About Management of Insecticide Resistance?.- How Does Spatial Structure in Populations Affect the Spread of Fungicide Resistance?.- Modelling Herbicide Resistance: A Study of Ecological Fitness.- Analysis of Insecticide Resistance in the Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci.- Negative Cross-Resistance in Fungicides: From the Laboratory to the Field.- Mechanisms of Resistance.- The Contribution of Genetic Studies to Understanding Fungicide Resistance..- Mechanisms of Resistance to Herbicides.- Mechanisms of Resistance to Fungicides.- Voltage-Dependent Sodium Channels in Susceptible and Pyrethroid-Resistant Drosophila Strains.- Insecticide Resistance by Gene Amplification in Myzus persicae.- Biochemical Mechanisms of Resistance to Photosystem II Herbicides.- Future Trends.- Molecular Biology and Diagnostics in Disease Control.- Insect Resistance to Biotechnology Products: An Overview of Research and Possible Management Strategies.- The Needs for New Herbicide-Resistant Crops..- Bioherbicides: Their Role in Tomorrow’s Agriculture.- Genetic Engineering of Predators and Parasitoids for Pesticide Resistance.- Potential New Sites for Fungicides.- Potential for Synergising Herbicides through Modification of Metabolism.- Potential of Novel Chemical Approaches for Overcoming Insecticide Resistance.- Index of Contributors.