Research in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion

ISBN-13: 9781851663101 / Angielski / Twarda / 1988 / 1194 str.

A. V. Bridgwater; J. L. Kuester; A. V. Bridgwater

Opis

This conference is the second such meeting under the auspices of the International Energy Agency's Bioenergy Agreement. The first lEA sponsored Fundamentals of Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Conference was held in Estes Park in 1982 and attracted 153 delegates from 13 countries around the world at a time when interest in biomass derived energy was at a peak. Since then oil prices have fallen considerably and with most prognoses for level prices until the end of the century, there has been a significant downturn in support for biomass conversion technologies. It has been particularly encouraging, therefore, to have received such an excellent response to this meeting. A total of 122 papers were offered, and 135 delegates registered for the conference from 19 countries. The theme of this meeting was Research in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion to reflect the advances made in research, development, demonstration and com- mercialisation since the Fundamentals meeting in 1982.The programme was divided into sections on fundamental research, applied research, and demonstration and commercial activities to emphasise the interaction and roles of all levels of research in supporting the eventual commercial implementation. The layout of the pro- ceedings reflects this same pattern, with an introductory section on status and technoeconomics to identify opportunities and constraints in different parts of the world. All the papers included in these proceedings have been subjected to the usual peer review process to ensure the highest standards.

Spis treści

Status and Technoeconomics.- The International Energy Agency—cooperative research on biomass for energy.- Biofuels and municipal waste technology: an overview of the DOE program.- The European R & D programme (strategy for the future).- Canada’s thermochemical conversion R&D approach.- The IEA thermochemical database.- Economic potential of producing liquid transportation fuels from biomass.- Biomass-fired steam-injected gas-turbine cogeneration for the cane sugar industry.- A strategic assessment of liquid fuels from biomass.- Fundamental Research.- Pyrolysis.- Effects of feedstock components on municipal solid waste pyrolysis.- Wood devolatilization—sensitivity to feed properties and process variables.- Influences of ‘neutral’ salts on thermochemical conversion of cellulose and of sucrose.- Carbohydrate pyrolysis. II. Formation of furfural and furfuryl alcohol during the pyrolysis of selected carbohydrates with acidic and basic catalysts.- Factors influencing the decomposition processes in wood particles during low temperature pyrolysis.- Fast pyrolysis of biomass.- Contact pyrolysis in a ‘Pyrolysis Mill’.- A comparison of the composition, pyrolysis and burning properties of Indonesian and Finnish peat.- Pyrolysis/gas chromatography: application in the study of biomass pyrolysis.- Drying, pyrolysis and combustion of biomass particles.- The application of nuclear magnetic resonance to the characterization of biomass liquefaction products.- Biomass pyrolysis for maximizing phenolic liquids.- Mass spectrometric studies of the relationship of pyrolysis oil composition to formation mechanisms and feedstock composition.- A mass spectrometric approach for the direct analysis and comparison of pyrolytic oils.- Kinetics of biomass pyrolysis with radiant heating.- Pyrolysis of single pellets of refuse derived fuel.- Gasification.- The influence of natural and added catalysts in the gasification of wood chars.- Reactivity of biomass chars in fluid-bed steam gasification.- Optical properties of biomass chars in gasification.- New apparatus for the study of the gasification of char in high temperature and pressure environments.- Pyrolysis and steam gasification of biomass in fluidized beds. Influence of the type and location of the biomass feeding point on the product distribution.- Liquefaction.- Thermochemical conversion of biomass with concentrated alkaline solution to organic acids.- A unified treatment for liquefaction.- Solvent effects on liquefaction: solubilization profiles of a tropical prototype wood, Eucalyptus, in the presence of simple alcohols, ethylene glycol, water and phenols.- The upgrading of lignin-derived compounds: case studies on model compounds.- Monte Carlo simulation of lignin pyrolysis: sensitivity to kinetic parameters.- A study of the acid catalyzed dehydration of fructose in near-critical water.- Aqueous, alkaline liquefaction of wood fractions and lignin model compounds.- Lignin liquefaction in supercritical water.- The mechanisms of sewage sludge liquefaction during thermolysis.- Thermochemical conversion of microcrystalline cellulose—hydrogenation study.- Thermocatalytic conversion of lipid-rich biomass to oleochemicals and fuel.- Applied Research.- Pyrolysis.- Preparation of activated carbon by the partial gasification of charcoal.- Fuels from biomass by conversion in molten salts.- Liquid products from the fast pyrolysis of wood and cellulose.- Chemical characterization of hydrocarbons produced by vacuum pyrolysis of aspen poplar wood chips.- Preliminary feasibility study of the biomass vacuum pyrolysis process.- Pyrolysis of forestry wastes in a fluidised bed reactor to produce medium calorific gaseous fuel.- Engineering aspects of the vortex pyrolysis reactor to produce primary pyrolysis oil vapors for use in resins and adhesives.- The production of pyrolytic liquids, gas and char from wood and cellulose by fast pyrolysis.- Gasification and Combustion.- A pilot plant for the study of the production of hydrogen-rich syngas by gasification of biomass.- Comparison between wood gasification and densified briquettes gasification.- Experimental study of fuel pellet combustion.- Microwave heating applications in thermochemical biomass conversion.- Low-temperature gasification of high-moisture biomass.- Nitrogen compounds in peat and wood gasification and gas combustion.- A twin fluid bed pyrolyser combustor system.- Pressurized downdraft combustion of woodchips.- Fluidized bed steam gasification of biomass with dolomite and with a commercial FCC catalyst.- Liquefaction.- Preparation and processing of medium and high consistency biomass suspensions.- Reaction of supercritical fluids with lignin: a Monte Carlo simulation.- Liquid fuel production from ethanol fermentation stillage by thermochemical conversion.- Production and analysis of oils obtained by catalytic hydroliquefaction of wood.- An advanced treatment of sewage sludge by direct thermochemical liquefaction.- Advances in direct biomass liquefaction by the extruder-feeder method.- Aspects of the steam liquefaction of poplar wood chips in a gravity fed reactor.- Thermochemical conversion of milkweed—a catalyst study.- Thermochemical conversion of primary sewage sludge by the STORS process.- Upgrading.- Catalytic upgrading of biomass pyrolysis oils.- Characterization and upgrading of a bio-oil produced by pyrolysis of biomass.- Molecular beam mass spectrometric studies of HZSM-5 activity during wood pyrolysis product conversion.- Engineering aspects of upgrading pyrolysis oil using zeolites.- Hydrodeoxygenation of a lignin model compound.- Catalytic conversion of tall oil to chemicals and gasoline range hydrocarbons.- Sala dolomite-catalysed conversion of tar from biomass pyrolysis.- Conversion of tar in pyrolysis gas from wood using a fixed dolomite bed.- Reactions of dolomite with CO2 at gasification temperatures of wood.- Demonstration and Commercial.- Pyrolysis and Gasification.- Fixed bed gasification of lignocellulosic biomass: the Cemagref process.- Preliminary technical results of World Bank gasifier monitorings.- Material balance analysis of prototype commercial downdraft gasifiers.- Power.- Automated operation of lean gas engines.- Performance of a small spark-ignited internal combustion engine on producer gas from rice hulls.- Design and development of a wood gasifier for IC engine applications—new approach for minimisation of tar.- Design.- Emissions from small-sized peat and wood burning plants.- Fluidized bed gasification of wood.- Trials of chunkwood firing in district heating plants designed for forest chip combustion.- Heat and power production from straw.- Parametric study of an oxygen-blown fluidised-bed reactor for wood gasification.- Catalytic destruction of tars in biomass-derived gases.- Reliable feed systems for thermochemical conversion.- Workshop Reports.- Upgrading liquid products.- Report on the characterization of biomass pyrolysis liquid products workshop.- Workshop on thermochemical conversion of municipal solid waste.- Workshop on chemicals from biomass.- Gasification workshop.- Single particle workshop report.