Research In Psychology : Methods and Design

ISBN-13: 9781118322628 / Angielski / Miękka / 2013 / 528 str.

C. James Goodwin; Kerri A. Goodwin

Opis

This edition covers ethics of animal research up to date, primarily by incorporating the thoughtful treatment of the issue by Hal Herzog in his recent text about human-animal interaction. It closes with a discussion of how to review the literature with a new section that includes specific tips on how to organize and write a literature review. This issue also includes a discussion of effect size, power, and meta-analysis, especially by showing the manner in which they are interrelated and significantly increases coverage of the methods used and the issues involved with conducting online research.

Spis treści

Chapter 1: Scientific Thinking in Psychology 1

   Why Take This Course? 2

   Ways of Knowing 6

   Science as a Way of Knowing 10

   Psychological Science and Pseudoscience 18

   The Goals of Research in Psychology 22

   A Passion for Research in Psychology (Part I) 24

Chapter 2: Ethics in Psychological Research 33

   Developing the APA Code of Ethics 34

   Ethical Guidelines for Research with Humans 35

   Ethical Guidelines for Research with Animals 54

   Scientific Fraud 60

   Ethics Codes outside the United States 62

Chapter 3: Developing Ideas for Research in Psychology 69

   Varieties of Psychological Research 70

   Asking Empirical Questions 77

   Developing Research from Observations of Behavior and Serendipity 79

   Developing Research from Theory 81

   Developing Research from Other Research 89

   Creative Thinking in Science 94

   Reviewing the Literature 96

Chapter 4: Measurement and Data Analysis 105

   What to Measure Varieties of Behavior 106

   Evaluating Measures 110

   Scales of Measurement 115

   Statistical Analysis 118

Chapter 5: Introduction to Experimental Research 141

   Essential Features of Experimental Research 142

   Manipulated Versus Subject Variables 149

   The Validity of Experimental Research 154

   Threats to Internal Validity 161

Chapter 6: Methodological Control in Experimental Research 173

   Between–Subjects Designs 174

   Creating Equivalent Groups 175

   Within–Subjects Designs 181

   Controlling Order Effects 184

   Methodological Control in Developmental Research 190

   Controlling for the Effects of Bias 192

Chapter 7: Experimental Design I: Single–Factor Designs 205

   Single Factor Two Levels 206

   Single Factor More Than Two Levels 215

   Special–Purpose Control Group Designs 227

Chapter 8: Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs 239

   Essentials of Factorial Designs 240

   Outcomes Main Effects and Interactions 241

   Varieties of Factorial Designs 256

Chapter 9: Correlational Research 279

   Correlation and Regression: The Basics 280

   Interpreting Correlations 291

   Using Correlations 297

   Multivariate Analysis 304

Chapter 10: Quasi–Experimental Designs and Applied Research 311

   Beyond the Laboratory 312

   Quasi–Experimental Designs 317

   Program Evaluation 336

Chapter 11: Small N Designs 347

   Research in Psychology Began with Small N 348

   Reasons for Small N Designs 351

   Small N Designs in Applied Behavior Analysis 360

   Case Study Designs 373

   Evaluating Case Studies 375

Chapter 12: Observational and Survey Research Methods 381

   Observational Research 382

   Survey Research 392

Epilogue 417

   What I Learned in My Research Methods Course 417

   A Passion for Research in Psychology (Part II) 419

Appendix A: Communicating the Results of Research in Psychology 421

Appendix B: The Ethics Code of the American Psychological Association 443

Appendix C: Answers to Selected End–of–Chapter Applications Exercises 447

Glossary 467

References 477

Name Index 491

Subject Index 499