Reproduction: DNA Animal Viruses

ISBN-13: 9781468427059 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 490 str.

H. Fraenkel-Conrat

Opis

The time seems ripe for a critical compendium of that segment of the biological universe we call viruses. Virology, as a science, having only recently passed through its descriptive phase of naming and num- bering, has probably reached that stage at which relatively few new- truly new-viruses will be discovered. Triggered by the intellectual probes and techniq ues of molecular biology, genetics, biochemical cytology, and high-resolution microscopy and spectroscopy, the field has experienced a genuine information explosion. Few serious attempts have so far been made to chronicle these events. This comprehensive series, which will comprise some 6000 pages in a total of about 22 volumes, represents a commitment by a large group of active investigators to analyze, digest, and expostulate on the great mass of data relating to viruses, much of which is now amorphous and disjointed and scattered throughout a wide literature. I n this way, we hope to place the entire field in perspective as well as to develop an invaluable reference and sourcebook for researchers and students at all levels. This series is designed as a continuum that can be entered anywhere but which also provides a logical progression of developing facts and integrated concepts.

Spis treści

1 Parvovirus Reproduction.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. Definitions.- 1.2. Classification.- 2. Biological Properties.- 2.1. Stability.- 2.2. Host Range and Pathogenicity.- 2.3. Persistent Infection and Latency.- 2.4. Defectiveness.- 2.5. Interference.- 3. Properties and Components of Virions.- 3.1. Physicochemical Properties of Virions.- 3.2. DNA.- 3.3. Protein.- 4. Multiplication of Nondefective Parvoviruses.- 4.1. Infectious Cycle.- 4.2. Viral DNA Synthesis.- 4.3. Viral Protein Synthesis.- 4.4. Cellular Requirement.- 4.5. Cellular Impairment.- 5. Multiplication of Defective Parvoviruses.- 5.1. Infectious Cycle.- 5.2. Helper Requirement.- 5.3. Viral RNA.- 6. Conclusions.- 7. References.- 2 Reproduction of Papovaviruses.- 1. General Properties of Papovaviruses.- 1.1. Initiation of the Replication Cycle-Adsorption, Penetration, and Uncoating of the Virus.- 1.2. Time Course of Synthesis of Viral Macromolecules.- 2. DNA Replication.- 2.1. DNA Configurations.- 2.2. Structure of Replicating Molecules.- 2.3. Cleavage of SV40 DNA by Bacterial Restriction Endonucleases.- 2.4. Site of Initiation and Direction of DNA Replication.- 2.5. Mechanism of Chain Growth.- 2.6. Termination of DNA Synthesis.- 2.7. Mechanism for Effecting Semiconservative Replication of Covalently Closed Duplex DNA.- 2.8. SV40 DNA Synthesis in Heterokaryons of SV40-Transformed Cells and Cells Permissive for SV40.- 2.9. SV40 DNA-Containing Cellular DNA Sequences.- 2.10. The Role of Proteins in DNA Replication.- 3. Transcription of SV40 and Polyoma DNA.- 3.1. Strand Orientation of Transcription.- 3.2. Control of Late Transcription.- 3.3. Size of the Papovavirus-Specific RNA.- 3.4. Cytoplasmic Viral RNA.- 3.5. Concentration of Virus-Specific RNA.- 3.6. Selection of Viral mRNA.- 3.7. Mapping of Transcriptional Sites on the SV40 Genome.- 3.8. The Direction of SV40 DNA Transcription.- 3.9. In Vitro Studies of Transcription.- 3.10. The Applications of In Vitro Virus-Specific RNA.- 3.11. TranscriSption of SV40 DNA by Mammalian Polymerases.- 4. The Proteins of SV40 and Polyoma.- 4.1. Early Antigens.- 4.2. Induction of Host Cell Proteins.- 4.3. Virion-Associated Endonucleases.- 4.4. Structural Proteins of SV40 and Polyoma.- 4.5. Internal Proteins.- 4.6. The SV40 Helper Function for Adenovirus Replication in Monkey Cells.- 5. Other Properties of Papovaviruses.- 5.1. Induction of Cellular Processes in Infected Cells.- 5.2. Pseudovirions.- 5.3. Nucleoprotein Complexes.- 5.4. Adenovirus-SV40 Hybrid Viruses.- 6. References.- 3 Reproduction of Adenoviruses.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Architecture and Composition of the Virion.- 3. Biochemistry of the Structural Proteins of Adenovirus.- 4. The Adenovirus Genome.- 5. Classification of Adenoviruses.- 6. The Productive Infection.- 6.1. Early Interaction between Virus and Cell.- 6.2. Early Transcription.- 6.3. Late Transcription.- 6.4. A Comparison between Cellular and Viral Mrna Production.- 6.5. Adenovirus DNA Replication.- 6.6. Translation.- 6.7. Host Cell Macromolecular Synthesis.- 6.8. Control Mechanisms.- 6.9. Assembly of Adenoviruses.- 7. Abortive Infections.- 7.1. Abortive DNA Replication.- 7.2. Abortive Translation.- 7.3. Adeno-SV40 Hybrid Viruses.- 8. Cell Transformation.- 8.1. Cell Transformation by Different Adenoviruses.- 8.2. Viral DNA in Transformed Cells.- 8.3. Transcription.- 8.4. Phenotype of the Transformed Cells.- 9. Adenovirus Genetics.- 10. Conclusions and Prospects for the Future.- 11. References.- 4 The Replication of Herpesviruses.- 1. Objectives and Scope.- 1.1. Objectives.- 1.2. The Herpesviruses.- 2. The Herpesvirion.- 2.1. Architectural Components.- 2.2. Purification and Fractionation of Herpesviruses.- 2.3. Herpesvirus DNA.- 2.4. Herpesvirus Proteins.- 2.5. Polyamines.- 2.6. Lipids.- 2.7. Topology of Structural Components in the Herpesvirion.- 2.8. Variability of Virion Proteins among Wild and Laboratory Strains.- 2.9. The Function of Structural Components in Relation to Particle Infectivity.- 3. Biosynthesis of the Virus in Permissive Cells.- 3.1. The Reproductive Cycle and Its Outcome.- 3.2. Entry of the Virus into the Cell.- 3.3. Viral RNA Synthesis and Metabolism.- 3.4. Viral Protein Synthesis and Metabolism.- 3.5. Enzymes Specified by Herpesviruses.- 3.6. Herpesvirus DNA Synthesis.- 3.7. Biosynthesis of Other Constituents of the Virion.- 3.8. The Morphogenesis and Egress of the Virion from Infected Cells.- 4. Alterations of Cellular Function and Structure During Productive Infection.- 4.1. General Considerations.- 4.2. Alterations in Host Macromolecular Metabolism.- 4.3. Alteration in the Structure and Function of Cellular Membranes.- 4.4. The Structural Changes.- 4.5. Conclusions.- 5. References.- 5 Reproduction of Poxviruses.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Subgroups.- 3. Virions.- 3.1. Morphology.- 3.2. Physical Properties.- 3.3. Chemical Composition.- 3.4. Size and Structure of DNA.- 3.5. Proteins.- 4. Growth Cycle.- 4.1. Single-Step Infection.- 4.2. Adsorbtion, Penetration, and Uncoating.- 4.3. Transcription.- 4.4. DNA Replication.- 4.5. Regulation of Protein Synthesis.- 4.6. Post-Translational Modification.- 4.7. Morphogenesis.- 4.8. Dissemination of Virus and Modification of Host Membranes.- 5. Effects on Host Cell Metabolism.- 5.1. Cytopathic Effects.- 5.2. Macromolecular Synthesis.- 5.3. Cell Proliferation.- 6. Interference with Poxvirus Replication.- 6.1. Antiviral Substances.- 6.2. Dual Viral Infections.- 7. Summary.- 8. References.- Addendum to Chapter 2.