Reminiscence, Motivation, and Personality: A Case Study in Experimental Psychology

ISBN-13: 9781468422467 / Angielski / Miękka / 2013 / 430 str.

Eysenck, Hans

Opis

This is a book on reminiscence, or more modestly a book on reminiscence in motor tasks, or more modestly still on reminiscence in pursuit rotor learning, with occasional references to other types of reminiscence. The vast majority of experiments investigating reminiscence with the pur- suit rotor have been carried out within the framework of Hullian learn- ing theory. Thus, of necessity, this book also will be much concerned with that theory. Some readers may feel that so much detailed attention paid to one piece of apparatus and one now rather discredited theory, is overdone; we could not agree with such an evaluation. There are several features of pursuit-rotor performance which make it particularly worthy of attention. One of the more important of these features is the easy replicability of many of the phenomena found in performance of this task; this is our first point. Replicability is the life blood of science; what cannot be replicated by any well-trained observer is of doubtful status in science, and on this score pursuit-rotor work certainly emerges as perhaps the most reliable set of observations in experimental psychology. The effects of massing and spacing; of rest pauses of different length; of switching from massed to spaced learn- ing, or vice versa; of interpolating different activities; of introducing distracting stimuli; of switching from right to left hand, or vice versa; of changing the speed of rotation, or the diameter of the target disk- these are clear-cut and replicable as few phenomena in psychology are.

Spis treści

I The Origin of the Grand Design.- 1 Kraepelin and the Age of Innocence.- Definition of Reminiscence.- The Specificity of Reminiscence.- Muscular Fatigue and Reminiscence.- Kraepelin’s Studies of Reminiscence.- An Early Consolidation Theory.- 2 The Pursuit Rotor: An Apparatus for All Occasions.- 3 The Beginning of Investigations on a Grand Scale.- 4 The All-Purpose Apparatus Meets the All-Purpose Theory.- II The Failure of the Grand Design.- 5 Reminiscence and Motivation.- 6 Post-Rest Upswing and Downswing.- Early Studies of Warm-up.- Warm-up in Verbal Learning.- Warm-up in Motor Skills.- Is Upswing an Artifact of Measurement?.- Measures of Performance Alternative to Time-on-Target.- The Underlying Components of Rotary-Pursuit Tracking.- Conclusions.- 7 Transfer of Training and Interpolated Activity.- Bilateral Reminiscence.- Practice and Interpolated Activity at Different Rotation Speeds.- Practice and Interpolation of Motor Tasks Other than the Standard Pursuit Rotor.- Changes in the Distribution of Practice.- Conclusions.- 8 Individual Differences in Ability as Determinants of Performance and Reminiscence.- 9 Individual Differences: Extraversion.- 10 Individual Differences: Schizophrenia.- III The New Look in Reminiscence.- 11 Consolidation: The Failure of Inhibition Theory.- The Need for a New Approach.- The Consolidation Theory of Memory.- How Does Consolidation Improve Performance?.- The Evidence for Action Decrement.- Evidence for Consolidation in Pursuit-Rotor Learning.- Consolidation in the Explanation of Reminiscence and Other Phenomena of Pursuit-Rotor Learning.- A One-Factor Theory of Reminiscence.- 12 Strategies in Performance: What Is This Thing Called Learning?.- Problems in the Measurement of Pursuit-Rotor Performance.- Hits and Average Hit Lengths.- Rest Pauses and Responses.- The Search for the Rest Pause.- What Happens in between Responses?.- What Is Learned in a Pursuit-Tracking Task?.- A Summary of This New Model of Pursuit Tracking and Its Implications.- Strategies of Performance.- Some Physiological Speculations.- 13 The Rise and Fall of Reminiscence: An Explanation Is Proposed and Some Morals Are Drawn.- Reminiscence in Tapping.- Reminiscence in Verbal Learning.- Reminiscence in Pursuit-Rotor Learning.- Epilogue Fifty Years of Pursuit-Rotor Studies.- References and Bibliography.- Reference Index.

O autorze

Hans J. Eysenck, geb. in Berlin, ist wohl der am meisten bekannte Psychologe des 20. Jahrhunderts mit rund 90 Büchern und fast 1000 Fachartikeln. Weltbekannt (und bis heute grundlegend) wurden seine Studien zur Persönlichkeitsforschung, die häufig zu Test- und Fragebogenverfahren eingesetzt werden. Der Autor war Direktor des Psychiatrischen Instituts der University of London. Er verstarb 1997.