Part I. The Comparative Approach: 1. The past and present of comparative constitutional studies; 2. The culture wars, American exceptionalism, and a comparative analysis of religion-state relations; 3. Employing a comparative approach; Part II. Religion-State Relations and the Role of Neutrality: 4. Toward neutrality; 5. The role of history; 6. The roots of neutrality; 7. Delineating neutrality; 8. Conclusion: the future of neutrality in comparative perspective.