Relaxation in Shock Waves

ISBN-13: 9783642482489 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 394 str.

Y. V. Stupochenko; S. a. Losev; A. I. Osipov

Opis

This book by Yeo V. Stupochenko, S. A. Losev and A. I. Osipov distin- guishes itself as an unusually comprehensive treatment of both the the- oretical and experimental aspects of the subject of relaxation processes in shock waves. S. A. Losev has done a considerable amount of work in molec- ular absorption spectroscopy of gases in relaxation, and, consequently, the chapter on experimental methods of study of nonequilibrium phenomena in shock waves has turned out to be particularly extensive in both scope and depth. A. I. Osipov has contributed extensively to the theoretical understanding of relaxation processes in gases through his work on transi- tion probability in nonadiabatic collisions by quantum-mechanical calcula- tion as can be seen from the many quotations in the chapter on relaxation processes in shock waves. Finally, Yeo V. Stupochenko's heavy contribution to the development of the study of nonequilibrium gas flow must also be mentioned, as it is obviously reflected at various places throughout the book. It is worth particular mention that the authors have compiled the most extensive bibliography of references (over six hundred in total) in the litera- ture of relaxation gasdynamics to date. The authors' thorough familiarity with the Western (particularly American) work in this, rea can be seen from the many Western reference" quoted, about two-thirds of the total number. On the contrary, most of the more than two hundred Russian references are not popularly known in the West and, therefore, should be of value to the English-speaking readers.

Spis treści

1. Experimental Study of Shock-wave Structure.- [1] Creation and Structure of Shock-Waves.- [1] Introduction.- [2] Origin of the Discontinuity in an Ideal Fluid. The Hugoniot Curve.- [3] Dissipative Processes in Shock Waves.- [4] Shock Waves in Multiatomic Gases.- [2] Relaxation Processes in Gases (Elementary Theory).- [1] Establishment of the Maxwellian Distribution.- [2] Excitation of Rotational Degrees of Freedom.- [3] Excitation of Vibrational Degrees of Freedom.- [4] Molecular Dissociation and Ionization.- [5] Sequence of Relaxation Processes in Shock Waves.- [3] Experimental Study of the Shock-wave Structure.- [1] Obtaining the Shock Wave. Simplified Theory of the Shock Tube.- [2] The Quantities Being Measured.- [3] Measuring Methods.- 2. The Shock Tube.- [4] Methods of Obtaining Strong Shock Waves.- [5] Gasdynamic Flows in Shock Tubes.- [6] Inhomogeneity of the Flow Behind the Shock Front.- [1] Inhomogeneity of the Flow Along the Plug.- [2] Multidimensionality of the Flow.- [3] Heat Transfer by Radiation.- [7] Auxiliary Measurements of Flow Variables in Shock Tubes.- [1] Measuring the Shock-wave Velocity.- [2] Measuring the Initial Pressure and Temperature.- [3] Preparing the Test Gas.- 3. Experimental Methods of Study of Nonequilibrium Phenomena in Shock Waves.- [8] General Requirements of the Recording Apparatus.- [9] Certain Relationships for the Flow of Nonequilibrium Gas.- [10] Measuring the Gas Density.- [1] Study of the Reflection of Light from a Shock Front.- [2] The Tepler Shlieren Scheme.- [3] The Interferometer Method.- [4] The Electron Beam Method.- [5] The Use of X-ray Radiation.- [11] Absorption Methods of Molecular Concentration Measurement.- [1] Dependence of the Absorption on the Molecular Concentration.- [2] The Ultraviolet Spectral Region.- [3] Determining the Relaxation Time and Dissociation Rate.- [4] The Visible Spectral Region.- [12] Optical Study of Gases.- [1] Dependence of the Radiation on the Concentration of the Gas Components.- [2] Recording Methods and Some Results.- [3] Temperature Measurement.- [13] Measuring the Electron Concentration.- [1] The Methods of Probes.- [2] Microradiowave Techniques.- [3] The Magnetic Induction Method.- [4] Using the Stark Effect.- [5] Recording the Optical Radiation.- [6] The Interferometer Method.- [14] Other Methods of Measurement.- [1] Thermal Measurements.- [2] Chemical Analysis.- [3] Gasdynamic Experiments.- 4. Relaxation Processes in Shock Waves.- [15] Establishing a Maxwellian Distribution.- [16] Rotational Relaxation.- [17] Vibrational Relaxation.- [1] Kinetic Equations and the Transition Probabilities.- [2] Vibrational Relaxation of Diatomic Molecules which Comprise a Small Admixture in a Monatomic Gas.- [3] Vibrational Relaxation in Pure Gases and in Mixtures with a Monatomic Gas.- [4] Vibrational Relaxation of a Mixture of Polyatomic Gases.- [18] Thermal Dissociation Kinetics.- [1] Thermal Dissociation as Molecular Transition from the Discrete to the Continuous Vibrational State.- [2] Thermal Dissociation in a Single-component System.- [3] Concurrent Consideration of the Thermal Dissociation and Vibrational Relaxation of Diatomic Molecules.- [19] Thermal Ionization Kinetics.- [20] “Nonequilibrium” Radiation of Gases Behind the Front of Strong Shock Waves.- 5. Nonequilibrium Phenomena in Shock Waves in Air.- [21] High-temperature Thermodynamic and Optical Properties of Air.- [22] Vibrational Relaxation.- [23] Chemical Reaction Kinetics.- [24] Thermal Ionization Kinetics and Nonequilibrium Radiation.- 6. Flow of a Gas Undergoing Relaxation.- [25] Introduction.- [26] Equations of Relaxation Gasdyn amies.- [1] Gaskinetic Methods for-Obtaining Equations of Equilibrium and Relaxation Gasdynamics.- [2] The Use of Methods of Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes.- [27] Certain Properties of the Motion of Fluids Undergoing Relaxation. Transition to Equilibrium Gasdynamics.- [28] The Case of Several Nonequilibrium Parameters.- References.- Author Index.