Red Cell Shape: Physiology, Pathology, Ultrastructure

ISBN-13: 9783642880643 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 180 str.

M. Bessis; R. I. Weed; P. F. Leblond

Opis

This monograph is a collection of invited contributions from a group of investiga tors who share a common interest in the interrelationships between the shape, struc ture, and functional characteristics of normal and pathologic erythrocytes. Most of the authors participated in a workshop on red cell shape held in June, 1972 at the Institute of Cell Pathology, Hopital de Bicetre, Paris. We hope that these various contributions on the physiology, pathology, and ultrastructure of red cell shape will be useful and stimulating for other investigators interested in the correlation of shape and structure with the biochemistry and biophysics of the red cell. The text is divided into four sections. Section I deals with red cell shape, including the presentation of a rational descriptive nomenclature and a discussion of post splenectomy changes. Section II deals with biochemical factors that underlie the disco cyte-echinocyte (crenated) and discocyte-stomatocyte (cup-shaped) transformation. This section includes discussions of plasma factors, and of the biochemical dynamics of erythrocyte lipids and consideration of the effects of such factors as cellular ATP, calcium, aging, and various chemical agents as determinants of shape. Section III, which deals with biophysical measurements, includes studies of the deformability of cells of different shapes, descriptions of ways to define precisely the geometric dimensions of the red cell under various circumstances, and a model of membrane structure, which is proposed to account for the dimensions of red cells that undergo shape change."

Spis treści

Section I. — Red Cell Shape and Nomenclature.- Red Cell Shapes: An Illustrated Classification and Its Rationale.- Nomenclature of Red Cell Shapes. A Commentary.- Spiculed Erythrocytes after Splenectomy Acanthocytes or Non-specific Poikilocytes ?.- Section II. — Discocyte-Echinocyte and Discocyte-Stomatocyte Transformations.- Erythrocyte Shape Alteration “in vitro”: Relationship to Plasma and Cellular Factors. Abstract.- The Role of Lysolecithin Formed in Plasma on the Discocyte-echinocyte Transformation. A Commentary.- Red Cell Membrane Shape and Stability: Relation to Cell Lipid Renewal Pathways and Cell ATP.- Quantitative Study of Factors which Control Shape Transformations of Human Red Blood Cells of Constant Volume.- Calcium-pH Interactions in the Production of Shape Change in Erythrocytes.- Membrane Fragmentation and Ca++-membrane Interaction: Potential Mechanisms of Shape Change in the Senescent Red Cell.- Divalent Cation Content of Normal and ATP-depleted Erythrocytes and Erythrocyte Membranes.- Section III. — Biophysical Studies and Membrane Models.- The Discocyte-echinocyte Transformation of the Human Red Cell: Deformability Characteristics.- Hemolysis, Induced by Pulsed Laser Irradiation, Transmitted along Rouleaux of Human Red Blood Cells.- Red Cell Biconcavity and Deformability. A Macromodel Based on Flow Chamber Observations.- A Simple Flow Chamber for Hydraulic Manipulation of Individual Cells.- Image Holograms of Red Single Blood Cell Discocyte-spheroechinocyte Transformations.- Image Processing Techniques in Relation to Studies of Red Cell Shape.- Section IV. — Membrane Ultrastructure: Freeze-Cleave and Freeze-Etch Studies.- Membrane Ultrastructure of Normal, Sickled and Heinz-body Erythrocytes by Freeze-etching.- Pits in the Freeze-cleavage Plane of Normal Erythrocyte Membranes and Ultrastructure of Membrane Lesions in Immune Lysis.