Recent Trends in Biotechnology and Therapeutic Applications of Medicinal Plants

ISBN-13: 9789400766020 / Angielski / Twarda / 2013 / 357 str.

Mohd Shahid; Anwar Shahzad; Abida Malik

Opis

The book provides an overview of current trends in biotechnology and medicinal plant sciences. The work includes detailed chapters on various advance biotechnological tools involved in production of phytoactive compounds of medicinal significance. Some recent and novel research studies on therapeutic applications of different medicinal plants from various geographical regions of the world have also been included. These studies report the antimicrobial activity of various natural plant products against various pathogenic microbial strains. Informative chapters on recent emerging applications of plant products such as source for nutraceuticals and vaccines have been integrated to cover latest advances in the field. This book also explores the conservation aspect of medicinal plants. Thus, chapters having comprehensively complied in vitro conservation protocols for various commercially important rare, threatened and endangered medicinal plants were provided in the present book.

Spis treści

Chapter 1
Phytoactive compounds from in vitro derived tissues
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Phytoactive compounds and their in vitro sources of derivation

Chapter 2
Bioreactors: A rapid approach for secondary metabolite production
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Bioreactor vs. chemical reactor
2.3. Conventional bioreactors
2.4. Advancement in bioreactor technology: Disposable bioreactors
2.5. A versatile miniature bioreactor: a novel bioreactor design for bio-electrochemistry studies
2.6. Conclusion and future prospects

Chapter 3
Hairy Root Culture: An Efficient System for Secondary Metabolite Production
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Hairy root culture
3.3 Hairy root culture: ‘Productive Vehicle’ for secondary metabolites
3.4 Other applications
3.5 Problems of hairy root culture
3.6 Conclusion and future prospects

Chapter 4
Elicitation: An Alternative Approach towards commercialization of Secondary Metabolite Production
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Classification of elicitors
4.3 Active mechanism of elicitation in plant cells

Chapter 5
Plant Natural Products as a potential source of antimicrobial agents: an overview and a glimpse on recent developments
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Antibacterial potential in plant natural products
5.3 Antimycobacterial Potential
5.4 Antifungal potential in plant natural products
5.5 Antiparasitic potential in Plant natural products
5.6 Utility of plant-secondary metabolites (PSMs) in reversing multi-drug resistance (MDR)
5.7 Antiviral potential in plant natural products with special reference to HIV and influenza virus

Chapter 6
Recent Trends in Prevention and Treatment of Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease by Natural Plant Products
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Etiology of dental caries and periodontal disease
6.3 Prevention and Treatment of dental caries and periodontal disease
6.4Treatment of dental diseases by natural plant products
6.5 Antimicrobial activity of crude plant extracts
6.6 Antimicrobial activity of purified phytochemicals
6.7 Plant extracts which inhibit the adhesion of oral bacteria
6.8 Antimicrobial activity of essential oils
6.9 Conclusions

Chapter 7
Antimicrobial Activity of Plants Used In México for Gastrointestinal and Respiratory Disorders
7.1 Introduction               
7.2 Bioassays     
7.3 Extracts obtained from Mexican plants active against Gram positive bacteria               
7.4 Extracts obtained from Mexican plants active against M. tuberculosis             
7.5 Extracts obtained from Mexican plants active against Gram-negative bacteria             
7.6 Extracts obtained from Mexican plants active against pathogenic fungi           
7.7 Active isolated compounds 
7.8 Conclusion  

Chapter 8
Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry Pharmacological and Biotechnogical approaches of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Taxonomy, Habit and Habitat of Catharanthus roseus
8.3. Traditional uses and biological activites of C. roseus
8.4. Role of Biotechnological approaches in Catharanthus micropropagation and enhancement of pharmaceutically active compounds being used in the treatment of various diseases
8.5. Biosynthesis of alkaloids in Catharanthus
8.6. Metabolic and genetic engineering in alkaloids biosynthesis
8.7. Coupling methods for alkaloids biosynthesis   
8.8. Cellular compartmentation
8.9. Conclusions

Chapter 9Nutraceuticals- Recent Developments and Future Prospectives
9.1 Definition and introduction
9.2 Worldwide Status
9.3 Significance
9.4 Classification of nutraceuticals
9.5 Nutrigenomics: Strategies and future
9.6 Regulatory Status
9.7 Future Prospectives
9.8 Conclusions

Chapter 10  
Plant Edible Vaccines: A Revolution in Vaccination
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Concept of plant edible vaccines
10.3. Mechanism of action
10.4. Preparation of edible vaccines
10.5. Need and advantages of plant edible vaccines
10.6. Applications of plant edible vaccine
10.7. Potential issues to be addressed
10.8. Transgenic chloroplast systems
10.9. Recent developments
10.10. Conclusions

Chapter 11
Malaria and Phytomedicine
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Development of Phytomedicine
11.3 Reverse Pharmacology
11.4 Currently Available Phytomedicines Against Malaria
11.5 Potential Candidates
11.6 Concluding remarks and Future trends

Chapter 12
In vitro conservation protocols for some rare medicinal plant species
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Clonal multiplication of some rare medicinal plants

Chapter 13
In vitro conservation protocols for some threatened medicinal-plant protocols
13.1. Introduction
13.2. Best Protocols of some threatened plants

Chapter 14
In vitro conservation protocols for some endangered medicinal-plant protocols
14.1. Introduction
14.2. General methodology
14.3. Tylophora indica (Burm.f.) Merrill (Asclepiadaceae)
14.4. Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. (Balanitaceae)
14.5. Eremostachys superba Royle ex Benth. (Lamiaceae)
14.6. Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem. (Bignoniaceae)
14.7. Gloriosa superba Linn. (Liliaceae)
14.8. Commiphora wightii (Arnott.) Bhandari
14.9. Gentiana kurroo Royle (Gentianaceae)

Chapter 15
In vitro conservation protocols for some commercially important medicinal plants.
15.1. Introduction
15.2. Materials and methods
15.3 In vitro regeneration in some selected medicinally important plant species.

Blurb

The necessity of safe and cost effective medication especially for under developed and developing regions of the world together with emergence of new chronic and drug resistant diseases have prompted scientists to look towards medicinal plants as agents for treatment and prevention. This book provides an overview of advances and recent trends in medicinal plant sciences along with biotechnological interventions that has made it increasingly feasible to exploit these natural resources and transform traditional medicines into modern drugs. The book starts with a chapter discussing different types of phytoactive compounds which are the elementary substances behind medicinal action of plant extracts. Thereafter different biotechnological tools and techniques like bioreactors, hairy root culture and elicitation which are utilized to enhance and tap these valuable compounds at commercial level, are discussed in detail. The publication provides state-of-the-art information on the recent trends and technologies in medicinal plant science. The novel approaches of using plants as a source for neutraceuticals and vaccines have been thoroughly discussed in light of ongoing advancements. This work also features a compilation of standardized in vitro conservation protocols for some commercially important, rare, threatened and endangered medicinal plants. The book includes work from researchers on antimicrobial activity of various plants species native to different geographical regions around the globe. The book provides an essential text for advanced students, teachers, and research scientists in the fields of pharmacy, medical sciences, plant biotechnology, phytochemistry, and plant tissue culture.