Recent Developments in Alcoholism: Genetics Behavioral Treatment Social Mediators and Prevention Current Concepts in Diagnosis

ISBN-13: 9781461336198 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 484 str.

Marc Galanter

Opis

The purpose of this series is to provide an overview of recent research de velopments in the field of alcoholism so that interested professionals and researchers may keep abreast of this complex, multidisciplinary work. These annual volumes will present a scholarly review and analysis of selected re search topics prepared by leading figures in the field. Where appropriate, the attempt is made to present contrasting perspectives and views, particularly on issues where there is ongoing controversy. The American Medical Society on Alcoholism and the Research Society on Alcoholism have undertaken this collaborative venture because of the perceived need for such a comprehensive resource. These groups are both component organizations of the National Council on Alcoholism, a broad based coalition which supports alcoholism treatment, training, and research on a national and international level. This professional network has enabled us to draw on a panel of Associate Editors and on authors of international prominence. The series should reflect a sophistication that will allow it to serve as a standard reference for the field."

Spis treści

I. The Role of Genetics in the Expression of Alcoholism Henri Begleiter, Section Editor.- Overview.- 1 Genetic Markers and Alcoholism.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Blood Groups and Serum Proteins.- 2.1. The ABO Blood Groups.- 2.2. Other Blood Groups.- 3. ABH Substance Secretion.- 4. Phenylthiourea Taste Sensitivity.- 5. Color Vision.- 5.1. Target Population.- 5.2. Type of Color Vision Test Used.- 5.3. Interpretation of Test Results.- 5.4. Fitness of the Subjects.- 6. Summary.- References.- 2 Twin Adoption Studies: How Good is the Evidence for a Genetic Role?.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Twin Studies of Normal Drinking.- 2.1. The Finnish Study.- 2.2. Incidental and Small Studies.- 2.3. Recent Studies.- 3. Twin Studies of Alcohol Abuse.- 3.1. Kaij’s Study.- 3.2. Recent Studies.- 4. Adoption Studies.- 4.1. Roe’s Study.- 4.2. The Iowa Study.- 4.3. The Copenhagen Study.- 4.4. Swedish Adoption Study.- 4.5. Half-Siblings.- 5. Conclusions.- References.- 3 Pharmacogenetic Approaches to the Neuropharmacology of Ethanol.- 1. Introduction and Basic Considerations.- 2. General Utility of Pharmacogenetic Approaches in Studying the Neuropharmacology of Ethanol.- 3. Feasibility of Utilizing Pharmacogenetics in Animal Model Development.- 4. Principles of Pharmacogenetic Models Used to Study the Neuropharmacology of Ethanol.- 4.1. Inbred Strains.- 4.2. F1 and F2 Populations.- 4.3. Heterogeneous Stocks.- 4.4. Selectivity Bred Lines.- 5. Pharmacogenetic Studies of Ethanol Preference or Voluntary Ethanol Consumption.- 5.1. Inbred Strain Comparison.- 5.2. Selection Studies.- 6. Pharmacogenetic Studies Designed to Generate Animal Models for Acute Actions of Alcohol on the Central Nervous System.- 6.1. Selection for Alcohol-Induced Sleep Time in Mice.- 6.2. Selection Studies for Sensitory to Subhypnotic Acute Ethanol Intoxication.- 7. Selectivity Breeding for Intensity of Alcohol Withdrawal Reactions.- 7.1. General Considerations.- 7.2. Selection for Intensity of Convulsions in Mice following Chronic Ethanol Administration.- 7.3. Selection for Multiple Phenotypes Indicative of Severe and Mild Ethanol Withdrawal Reactions in Mice.- 8. Conclusions.- References.- II. The Behavioral Treatment of Alcoholism Edward Gottheil, Section Editor.- Overview.- 4 How Environments and Persons Combine to Influence Problem Drinking: Current Research Issues.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Environmental Correlates of Adolescent Problem Drinking.- 3. Environmental Correlates of Problem Drinking among Adults.- 4. A Hypothetical Example of a Cross-Sectional Study.- 5. Desirable Features of Research Suggested by This Example.- 5.1. Nonlinear Models of Scoring and/or Data Analysis.- 5.2. Representative Designs.- 5.3. Assessing Person-Environment Units of Analysis.- 6. A Hypothetical Example of a Cross-Sectional Study.- 7. Additional Desirable Features Suggested by This Example.- 7.1. Provision for Potential Multiplicity of Developmental.- Pathways.- 7.2. Causal Models Capable of Reflecting Reciprocal Influences.- 8. Conclusion.- References.- 5 Alcoholism: The Evolution of a Behavioral Perspective.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. Animal Models.- 2. Nonmediational Approaches.- 2.1. Classical Conditioning Models.- 2.2. Operant Conditioning.- 3. Mediational Approaches.- 3.1. Drive Reduction: The Tension-Reduction Hypothesis.- 3.2. The Cognitive-Behavioral Approach.- 3.3. Prediction of Excessive Drinking and Relapse.- 4. Concluding Comments.- References.- 6 Behavioral Treatment Methods for Alcoholism.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. Behavioral Assessment of Alcoholism.- 2. The Aversion Therapies.- 2.1. Chemical Aversion.- 2.2. Electrical Aversion.- 2.3. Covert Sensitization (Covert Aversion).- 3. Social Skills Training.- 3.1. Marital Skills Training.- 3.2. Assertiveness.- 4. Relaxation and Desensitization.- 4.1. Relaxation.- 4.2. Systematic Desensitization.- 5. Operant Methods.- 6. Broad-Spectrum Behavioral Approaches.- 6.1. Self-Control Training.- 6.2. The Patton Study.- References.- 7 Outcome Studies on Techniques in Alcoholism Treatment.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Outcome: Its Definition and Measurement.- 3. Aversion Therapy.- 3.1. Electrical Aversion.- 3.2. Chemical Agents as the Noxious Stimulus.- 3.3. Verbal Aversion Techniques: Covert Sensitization.- 4. The Application of Operant Procedures to Alcoholism: Contingency Contracting.- 5. Broad Spectrum Behavioral Treatments.- 6. Behavioral and Self-Control Training and Other Cognitive Therapies.- 7. Behavioral Techniques in the Treatment of Alcoholism: An Overview.- References.- 8 Contributions to Behavioral Treatment from Studies on Programmed Access to Alcohol.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Emergence of the Disease Concept.- 3. The Effects of Alcohol: Early Research.- 4. Factors Influencing Drinking Patterns and Valence of Alcohol….- 5. Affective Consequences of Alcohol Consumption.- 6. Social Facilitation and Alcohol Consumption.- 7. Alcoholics versus Nonalcoholics.- 7.1. Social Facilitation.- 7.2. Drinking Parameters.- 8. The Loss-of-Control Hypothesis and the Prospect of a Paradigmatic Shift.- 9. Research on Blood Alcohol Concentration Discrimination Training.- 10. Treatment in the Presence of Alcohol.- 10.1. Drinking and Self-Image Confrontation.- 10.2. The Fixed-Interval Drinking Decisions Program.- 10.3. Restricted Drinking as a Treatment Procedure.- 11. Discussion.- References.- 9 Current Status of the Field: Contrasting Perspectives.- A. The Behavioral Therapist’s View.- 1. Perspective.- 2. Summary.- References.- B. The Future of Behavioral Interventions.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Specific Techniques.- 2.1. Social Skills Training.- 2.2. Cognitive Therapy.- 2.3. Self-Control Models.- 2.4. Contingency Management and Stimulus Control.- 2.5. Aversive Procedures.- 3. Conclusions.- References.- C. A Medical Clinician’s Perspective.- 1. Perspective.- 2. Prospects.- References.- D. An Anthropological Perspective on the Behavior Modification Treatment of Alcoholism.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Approaches.- 3. Cultural Factors.- References.- III. Social Mediators of Alcohol Problems: Movement toward Prevention Strategies Alfonso Paredes, Section Editor.- Overview.- 10 Estimating Alcoholic Prevalence.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Mortality Methods.- 2.1. The Jellinek Formula.- 2.2. The CSM Formula.- 3. The Consumption Method.- 4. Population Survey Methods….- 5. The Capture/Recapture Method.- 6. Summary and Conclusions.- References.- 11 The Role of Alcohol Availability in Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol Problems.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Availability of Alcohol.- 3. Definitions of Availability.- 4. Prospects for Theoretical and Methodological Integration.- 5. Conclusions and Suggestions for Further Research.- References.- 12 Price and Income Elasticities and the Demand for Alcoholic Beverages.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Elasticities and Their Measurement.- 2.1. Elasticities Defined.- 2.2. The Estimation of Demand.- 2.3. Some Problems in the Estimation of Demand.- 3. Hypothesis to be Tested.- 4. Demand Estimation Studies.- 4.1. Foreign Studies.- 4.2. United States Studies.- 5. Evaluation of the Results.- 5.1. Price and Income Elasticities.- 5.2. Cross-Price Elasticities.- 5.3. Advertising Elasticities.- 5.4. Some Tax Policy Implications.- References.- 13 Youth, Alcohol, and Traffic Accidents: Current Status.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Research into the Causes.- 3. Attempts to Help.- 4. The Minimum Legal Drinking Age.- 5. Where Do We Go from Here?.- References.- IV. Current Concepts in the Diagnosis of Alcoholism James A. Halikas, Section Editor.- Overview.- 14 Detection, Assessment, and Diagnosis of Alcoholism: Current Techniques.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Detection and Assessment.- 2.1. The National Council on Alcoholism Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism.- 2.2. Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test.- 2.3. Mac Andrew Scale.- 2.4. Mortimer-Filkins Test.- 3. Diagnosis.- 3.1. Essential-Reactive Alcoholism Dimension.- 3.2. Alcohol Use Inventory.- 4. Epilogue.- References.- 15 Types and Phases of Alcohol Dependence Illness.- 1. Definition of Alcoholism.- 2. Methods.- 2.1. Methodological Issues in Studies of Phases of Alcohol Dependence.- 2.2. Developmental Sequence of Alcohol Dependence Symptoms.- 3. Types of Alcoholics.- 3.1. Methodological Considerations in Studies of Types of Alcoholics.- 3.2. Essential and Reactive Alcoholism.- 3.3. Primary and Affective Disorder Alcoholism.- 3.4. Psychiatric Syndrome Groupings of Alcoholic Patients.- 3.5. Personality Trait Groupings of Alcoholics.- 3.6. Life Style, Attitudes,and Habits of Alcoholics.- 4. Conclusions.- References.- 16 Neuropsychology of Alcoholism: Etiology, Phenomenology, Process, and Outcome.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Phenomenology.- 2.1. Neuropsychological Characteristics of Alcoholics.- 2.2. Neuropsychological Competence of Nonalcoholic Social Drinkers.- 2.3. Brain-Behavior Correlates.- 2.4. Localization of Cerebral Pathology.- 3. Etiology of Neuropsychological Deficit.- 3.1. Alcoholic Beverage-Induced Neuropsychological Impairment.- 3.2. Antecedent Neuropsychological Characteristics.- 4. Process.- 4.1. Life-Span Effects on Neuropsychological Capacity.- 4.2. Consumption Factors.- 5. Outcome.- 5.1. Neuropsychological Recovery.- 5.2. Treatment Outcome.- References.