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Kategorie szczegółowe BISAC

Radiotherapy, Surgery, and Immunotherapy

ISBN-13: 9781468427417 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 544 str.

Frederick Becker
Radiotherapy, Surgery, and Immunotherapy Frederick Becker 9781468427417 Springer - książkaWidoczna okładka, to zdjęcie poglądowe, a rzeczywista szata graficzna może różnić się od prezentowanej.

Radiotherapy, Surgery, and Immunotherapy

ISBN-13: 9781468427417 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 544 str.

Frederick Becker
cena 201,72
(netto: 192,11 VAT:  5%)

Najniższa cena z 30 dni: 192,74
Termin realizacji zamówienia:
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The history of the development of cancer therapy has been marked by a recurring pattern, one of initially exciting and encouraging results as new methods were introduced, followed by dismaying failures. The extremity of the disease and its high mortality have dictated that each means of damaging tumor cells would be rapidly explored and exploited as a mode of therapy, long before the correspond- ing theory and technique were completely understood and perfected. Thus radiation was used as an antitumor agent almost immediately following recogni- tion of its cytodestructive capability. Equally constant, following the rapid utilization of new therapeutic methods, has been a period of significant technical improvements. This second aspect of the pattern is also illustrated by the field of radiotherapy. New radiation sources, new methods of dosimetry, use of high-energy radiation, and other new techniques allowed the therapist to better focus upon the tumor and to improve the geometry of exposure. Thus, with each technical advance, the "reach" of radiotherapy was increased and damage to normal tissues was decreased. Inevitably, however, a limit was reached, a point at which clinicians and researchers realized they could go no further without returning to a more fundamental search, one based on the biology of the tumor cell itself.

Kategorie:
Nauka, Medycyna
Kategorie BISAC:
Medical > Oncology - General
Wydawca:
Springer
Seria wydawnicza:
Cancer, a Compresensive Treatise
Język:
Angielski
ISBN-13:
9781468427417
Rok wydania:
2012
Wydanie:
Softcover Repri
Numer serii:
000474928
Ilość stron:
544
Waga:
1.06 kg
Wymiary:
25.4 x 17.8
Oprawa:
Miękka
Wolumenów:
01
Dodatkowe informacje:
Wydanie ilustrowane

Radiotherapy.- 1 Present Status of Radiation Therapy of Cancer: An Overview.- 1. Historical Introduction.- 2. General Clinical Considerations.- 3. Technical Considerations in Radiotherapy.- 4. Clinical Responses, Tissue Reactions, and Complications.- 5. Contemporary Results of Radiotherapy for Malignant Disease.- 6. Directions of Future Promise.- 7. References.- 2 Physics of Radiation Therapy.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Measurement of Radiation.- 3. Absorbed Dose to the Patient.- 4. External Beam Therapy.- 5. Brachytherapy.- 6. Review of Measurement and Calculation Methods.- 7. Conclusion.- 8. References.- 3 Molecular and Cellular Biology of Radiation Lethality.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Radiation Lethality of Prokaryotes.- 2.1. Evidence Implicating DNA.- 2.2. DNA Lesions and Their Repair.- 2.3 Physical and Chemical Parameters Affecting DNA Lesion Production and Stabilization.- 2.4. DNA-MembraneTargets.- 3. Radiation Lethality of Mammalian Cells.- 3.1. Damage and Repair Related to Survival.- 3.2. Targets Containing DNA.- 3.3. Inhibition of Sublethal Damage Repair.- 3.4 Fluorescent-Light Killing of Cells Containing 5-Bromodeoxyuridine.- 3.5. DNADamage.- 3.6. Hyperthermia and Repair of DNA.- 3.7 DNA Repair after Fluorescent-Light Exposure of BUdR-Containing Cells.- 3.8. Misrepair, a Hypothesis for Radiation Cell Killing.- 3.9. General Features of Mammalian Cell Killing and Summary.- 4. References.- 4 Cell Proliferation Kinetics and Radiation Therapy.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Response to Single Doses of Radiation.- 2.1. Sensitivity through the Cell Cycle.- 2.2. Hypoxic Cells in Tumors.- 3. Response to Fractionated Irradiation.- 3.1. Reassortment.- 3.2. Repopulation.- 3.3. Hypoxia and Reoxygenation.- 3.4. Repair Processes.- 4. Cell Proliferation Studies.- 4.1. Solid-Tumor Kinetics.- 4.2. Changes in Tumor Kinetics after Irradiation.- 4.3. Normal Tissue Kinetics: Changes after Irradiation.- 5. Conclusions.- 6. References.- 5 Radiation Effects on Normal Tissues.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Dose-Response Curves.- 2.1. Lethality Studies in Animals.- 2.2. Functional Tests.- 2.3. Cell Survival Clonal Assays.- 2.4. Clinical Studies.- 3. Time of Expression of Damage.- 3.1. Phases of Radiation Response.- 3.2. Late Effects in Radiotherapy.- 4. A Comparison of Human Tissue Radiosensitivities with Those of the Experimental Animal.- 5. Analysis of Clinical Tolerance Levels.- 6. Changes in Therapeutic Modalities.- 6.1. Fractionation Schedules.- 6.2. Hypoxia and Radiation Modifiers.- 6.3. High-LETRadiation.- 6.4. Modification of Injury by Drugs and Other Factors.- 6.5. Hyperthermia and X-Rays.- 7. Prophylactic Irradiation.- 7.1. Normal Tissue Tolerance to Prophylactic Irradiation.- 7.2. Metastases in Irradiated Normal Tissues.- 7.3. Carcinogenesis.- 8. References.- 6 Hypoxic Cell Sensitizers for Radiotherapy.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. Adjunctive Agents, Potentiating Agents, and Radiation Sensitizers.- 1.2. Classification of Radiation Sensitizers.- 2. Methods of Overcoming the Hypoxia Problem.- 2.1. Optimum Fractionation.- 2.2. High-LET Radiation.- 2.3. Hyperbaric Oxygen.- 2.4. Electron-AffmicSensitizers.- 3. Development of Electron- Affinic Sensitizers.- 3.1. TheElectron-AffinicRelationship.- 3.2. The Search for Mammalian Cell Sensitizers.- 4. The Nitroimidazoles.- 4.1. Basic Structure.- 4.2. Metronidazole.- 4.3. The 2-NitroimidazoleRo-07–0582.- 5. Criteria for the Application of Sensitizers in Radiotherapy.- 5.1. Differential Sensitization with Respect to Normal Tissue.- 5.2 Wide Distribution in Tissues.- 5.3. Stability with Respect to Tumor Penetration.- 5.4. Acceptable Toxicology.- 5.5. Effectiveness of Sensitization and Position in the Cell Cycle.- 5.6. Sensitization with Fractionated Radiation.- 6. Clinical Studies.- 6.1. Metronidazole.- 6.2. Ro-07–0582: Single-Dose Studies.- 7. Future Developments.- 7.1. Differential Toxicity to Hypoxic Cells.- 7.2. Combination of Sensitizers and High-LET Radiation.- 7.3. Shoulder Effects.- 7.4. Mechanisms and the Search for New Drugs.- 8. References.- 7 Effects of Radiation on Animal Tumor Models.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Kinds of Tumors and Experimental Systems.- 2.1. Experimental Animal Tumors.- 2.2. Human Tumors Grown in Animals.- 2.3. In Vitro Models.- 3. Measurement of Therapeutic Effect.- 3.1. Tumor Control or Tumor Cure.- 3.2. Tumor Growth and Regrowth.- 3.3. Prolongation of Host Survival.- 3.4. Assays of Cell Survival.- 4. Experimental Findings Relating to Further Understanding of Tumor Therapy.- 4.1. Reoxygenation.- 4.2. Repair.- 4.3. Redistribution.- 4.4. Recruitment.- 4.5. Repopulation.- 4.6. Rejection and Other Host Phenomena.- 5. References.- 8 High-LET Radiations.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Physics and Biology of High-LET Irradiations.- 2.1. The Absorption of Radiant Energy.- 2.2. The Concept of Ionization Density.- 2.3. Cell Killing and Reproductive Integrity.- 2.4. The Oxygen Effect.- 2.5. The Place and Need for High-LET Radiation in Radiotherapy.- 3. Neutrons.- 3.1. Nature and Production.- 3.2. Available Sources.- 3.3. Absorption Processes and Depth-Dose Patterns.- 3.4. Biological Properties.- 3.5. Clinical Neutron Radiotherapy.- 4. ?- Mesons 301.- 4.1. Nature and Production.- 4.2. Available Sources.- 4.3. Absorption Processes and Depth-Dose Patterns.- 4.4. Biological Properties.- 5. Heavy Ions.- 5.1. High-Energy Heavy Ions—Existing and Potential Sources.- 5.2. Depth-Dose Profiles.- 5.3. Biological Properties.- 6. Relative Merits of Neutrons, Pions, and High-Energy Heavy Ions.- 6.1. Patterns of Energy Deposition.- 6.2. The Particles Compared.- 7. References.- 9 Stem Cells, Nonproliferating Cells, and Their Kinetics in Normal and Neoplastic Tissues.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Concept of Stem Cells.- 2.1. Basic Considerations.- 2.2. Methods of Assay.- 2.3. Morphological Identification.- 2.4. Principal Aspects of Stem Cell Kinetics.- 3. Concept of Nonproliferating Cells.- 3.1. Basic Considerations.- 3.2. Methods of Assay.- 3.3. Morphological Identification.- 3.4. Nonproliferating Cells in Leukemias and Solid Tumors.- 3.5. Resistance to Therapy.- 4. Recruitment of Cells into the Mitotic Cycle.- 4.1. Basic Considerations.- 4.2. Therapy and Accelerated Neoplastic Growth.- 4.3. Recruitment in Normal Tissues and Neoplasms.- 5. Summary and Conclusions.- 6. References.- Surgery.- 10 The Changing Role of Surgery in the Treatment of Cancer.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Evolution of the Operative Treatment of Cancer.- 2.1. Prior to the Twentieth Century.- 2.2. From Halsted to the Present.- 3. Factors Prompting Redefinition of the Rationale for Surgery in Cancer Management.- 3.1. Cancer as a Systemic Disease.- 3.2. Consequences of Removal of a Primary Tumor.- 3.3. Reassessment of the Role of the Lymphatics and Lymph Nodes in Cancer.- 3.4. Other Host-Tumor Interrelationships.- 3.5. The Significance of Multicentric Cancers.- 4. A Biological Basis for Cancer Surgery.- 5. Surgery in Conjunction with Other Therapeutic Modalities.- 6. Conclusion and Summary.- 7. References.- Immunotherapy.- 11 Immunotherapy of Human Cancer.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Principles of Immunotherapy and Approaches to Immunotherapy.- 3. Multimodality Cancer Therapy.- 4. Problems in Monitoring and Evaluation of Immunotherapy.- 5. Animal Models of Immunotherapy.- 6. Active-Nonspecific Immunotherapy.- 7. Other Bacterial Adjuvants.- 8. Active-Specific Immunotherapy.- 9. Adoptive Immunotherapy with Cells.- 10. Immune RNA in Cancer Therapy.- 11. Transfer Factor.- 12. Interferon and Interferon Inducers.- 13. Immunotherapy with Lymphokines.- 14. Thymic Hormones in Immunotherapy.- 15. Levamisole.- 16. Passive Immunotherapy.- 17. Local Immunotherapy.- 18. Immunotherapy of Various Disease Categories in Man.- 18.1. Immunotherapy of Malignant Melanoma.- 18.2. Immunotherapy of Lung Cancer.- 18.3. Immunotherapy of Leukemia.- 18.4. Immunotherapy of Other Human Tumors.- 19. References.



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