Quantum Optics for Engineers

ISBN-13: 9781032499345 / Twarda / 2024 / 480 str.

USA) Tennessee Jonesborough F.J. (Interferometric Optics

Opis

This is an updated, and extended version of its first edition. New features include transparent interferometric derivation of the physics for quantum entanglement devoid of mysteries and paradoxes. It also provides utilitarian matrix version of quantum entanglement for engineering applications.

Spis treści

1. Introduction. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Brief Historical Perspective. 1.3 The Principles of Quantum Mechanics. 1.4 The Feynman Lectures on Physics. 1.5 The Photon. 1.6 Quantum Optics. 1.7 Quantum Optics for Engineers. Problems. References. 2. Planck’s Quantum Energy Equation. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Planck’s Equation and Wave Optics. 2.3 Planck’s Constant h. Problems. References. 3. The Uncertainty Principle. 3.1 Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle. 3.2 The Wave-Particle Duality. 3.3 The Feynman Approximation. 3.4 The Interferometric Approximation. 3.5 The Minimum Uncertainty Principle. 3.6 The Generalized Uncertainty Principle. 3.7 Additional Versions of Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle. 3.8 Applications of the Uncertainty Principle in Optics. Problems. References. 4. The Dirac-Feynman Quantum Interferometric Principle. 4.1 Dirac’s Notation in Optics. 4.2 Interferometric Quantum Principles. 4.3 Interference and The Interferometric Equation. 4.4 Coherent and Semi-Coherent Interferograms. 4.5 The Interferometric Equation in Two and Three Dimensions. 4.6 Classical and Quantum Alternatives. Problems. References. 5. Interference, Diffraction, Refraction, and Reflection Via Dirac’s Notation. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Interference and Diffraction. 5.3 Positive and Negative Refraction. 5.4 Reflection. 5.5 Succinct Description of Optics. 5.6 Quantum Interference and Classical Interference. Problems. References. 6. Dirac’s Notation Identities. 6.1 Useful Identities. 6.2 Linear Operations. 6.3 Extension to Indistinguishable Quanta Ensembles. Problems. References. 7. Interferometry Via Dirac’s Notation. 7.1 Interference à la Dirac. 7.2 The Hanbury Brown-Twiss Interferometer. 7.3 The N-slit Interferometer. 7.4 Reflective Interferometers. 7.5 Multiple Beam Interferometers. 7.6 The Ramsey Interferometer. Problems. References. 8. Quantum Interferometric Communications in Free Space. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Theory. 8.3 N-Slit Interferometer for Secure Free-Space Optical Communications. 8.4 Interferometric Characters. 8.5 Propagation in Terrestrial Free Space. 8.6 Further Applications. 8.7 Discussion. Problems. References. 9. Schrödinger’s Equation. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 A heuristic Explicit Approach to Schrödinger’s Equation. 9.3 Schrödinger’s Equation Via Dirac’s Notation. 9.4 The Time Independent Schrödinger Equation. 9.5 Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation. Problems. References. 10. Introduction to Feynman Path Integrals. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 The Classical Action. 10.3 The Quantum Link. 10.4 Propagation Though a Slit and the Uncertainty Principle. 10.5 Feynman Diagrams in Optics. Problems. References. 11. Matrix Notation in Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Operators. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Introduction to Vector and Matrix Algebra. 11.3 Pauli Matrices. 11.4 Introduction to the Density Matrix. 11.5 Quantum Operators. Problems. References. 12. Classical Polarization. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Maxwell Equations. 12.3 Polarization and Reflection. 12.4 Jones Calculus. 12.5 Polarizing Prisms. 12.6 Polarization Rotators. Problems. References. 13. Quantum Polarization. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Linear Polarization. 13.3 Polarization as a Two State System. 13.4 Density Matrix Notation. Problems. References. 14. Bell’s Theorem. 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Bell’s theorem. 14.3 Quantum Entanglement Probabilities. 14.4 Example. 14.5 Discussion. Problems. References. 15.   Quantum Entanglement Probability Amplitudes for n = N = 2. 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 The Dirac-Feynman Probability Amplitude. 15.3 The Quantum Entanglement Probability Amplitude. 15.4 Identical states of polarization. 15.5 Entanglement of Indistinguishable Ensembles. 15.6 Discussion. Problems. References. 16. Quantum Entanglement Probability Amplitudes for n = N = 2¹, 2², 2³,.....2^r  16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Quantum Entanglement Probability Amplitude for n = N = 4. 16.3 Quantum Entanglement Probability Amplitude for n = N = 8. 16.4 Quantum Entanglement Probability Amplitude for n = N = 16. 16.5 Quantum Entanglement Probability Amplitude for n = N = 2¹, 2², 2³… 2^r. 16.6 Summary. Problems. References. 17. Quantum Entanglement Probability Amplitudes for n = N = 3, 6. 17.1 Introduction. 17.2 The quantum entanglement probability amplitude for n = N = 3. 17.3 The quantum entanglement probability amplitude for n = N = 6. 17.4 Discussion. Problems. References. 18. Quantum Entanglement in Matrix Notation. 18.1 Introduction. 18.2 Quantum Entanglement Probability Amplitudes. 18.3 Quantum Entanglement Via Pauli Matrices. 18.4 Quantum Entanglement Via the Hadamard gate. 18.5 Quantum Entanglement Probability Amplitude Matrices. 18.6 Quantum Entanglement Polarization Rotator Mathematics. 18.7 Quantum Mathematics Via Hadamard’s Gate. 18.8 Reversibility in Quantum Mechanics. Problems. References. 19. Quantum Computing in Matrix Notation. 19.1 Introduction. 19.2 Interferometric Computer. 19.3 Classical Logic Gates. 19.4 von Neumann Entropy. 19.5 Qbits. 19.6 Quantum Entanglement Via Pauli Matrices. 19.7 Rotation of Quantum Entanglement States. 19.8 Quantum Gates. 19.9 Quantum Entanglement Via the Hadamard Gate. 19.10 Multiple Entangled States. 19.11 Discussion. Problems. References. 20. Quantum Cryptography and Quantum Teleportation. 20.1 Introduction. 20.2 Quantum Cryptography. 20.3 Quantum Teleportation. Problems. References. 21. Quantum Measurements. 21.1 Introduction. 21.2 The Interferometric Irreversible Measurement. 21.3 Quantum Non Demolition Measurements. 21.4 Soft Intersection of Interferometric Characters. 21.5 The Quantum Measurer. 21.6 Discussion. Problems. References. 22. Quantum Principles and the Probability Amplitude. 22.1 Introdution. 22.2 Fundamental Principles. 22.3 The Probability Amplitude. 22.4 From Probability Amplitudes to Probabilities. 22.5 Nonlocality of the Photon. 22.6 Indistinguishability and Dirac’s identities. 22.7 Quantum entanglement and the Foundations of Quantum Mechanics. 22.8 The Dirac-Feynman Interferometric Principle. Problems. References. 23. Interpretational Issues in Quantum Mechanics. 23.1 Introduction. 23.2 Einstein Podolsky and Rosen (EPR). 23.3 Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle and EPR. 23.4 Quantum Physicists on the Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics. 23.5 On Hidden Variable Theories. 23.6 On the Absence of ‘The Measurement Problem’. 23.7 The Physical Bases of Quantum Entanglement. 23.8 The Mechanisms of Quantum Mechanics. 23.9 Philosophy. 23.10 Discussion. Problems. References. Appendix A: Laser Excitation. Appendix B: Laser Resonators and Laser Cavities Via Dirac’s Notation. Appendix C: Generalized Multiple-Prism Dispersion Theory. Appendix D: Multiple-Prism Dispersion Power Series. Appendix E: N-Slit Interferometric Calculations. Appendic F: Ray Transfer Matrices. Appendix G: Complex Numbers and Quaternions. Appendix H: Trigonometric Identities. Appendix I: Calculus Basics. Appendix J: Poincare’s Space. Appendix K: Physical Constants and Optical Quantities. 

O autorze

Francisco Javier "Frank" Duarte is a laser physicist and author/editor of several books on tunable lasers and quantum optics.  His research on physical optics, quantum optics, and laser development has won several awards.  He has made numerous original contributions to tunable lasers, multiple-prism optics, quantum interferometry, and quantum entanglement.   Dr. Duarte was elected Fellow of the Australian Institute of Physics in 1987 and Fellow of the Optical Society (Optica) in 1993. He has received the Engineering Excellence Award (1995), for the invention of the N-slit laser interferometer, and the David Richardson Medal (2016) for his seminal contributions to the physics of narrow-linewidth tunable lasers and the theory of multiple-prism arrays for linewidth narrowing and laser pulse compression.