Public Safety Networks from Lte to 5g

ISBN-13: 9781119579892 / Angielski / Twarda / 2020 / 272 str.

Abdulrahman Yarali

Spis treści

Preface xviiAcknowledgment xix1 Public Safety Networks from TETRA to Commercial Cellular Networks 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Evaluation of TETRA and TETRAPOL 31.3 Understanding TETRA Modes of Operation 41.3.1 TETRA Security 41.3.2 Evaluating the Challenge of Data Transmission and Possible Solutions on TETRA Networks 51.3.3 Comparing Public Safety Networks to the Commercial Cellular Networks 61.3.3.1 Services 61.3.3.2 Networks 61.3.4 How to Overcome These Differences 71.3.4.1 Limitations of TETRA 71.3.4.2 Need for Broadband 81.4 Unifying the Two Worlds of Public Safety Networks and Commercial Networks 81.4.1 User Requirements 81.4.2 Public Safety Network Migration 91.4.3 Deployment Models 91.5 The Transition from TETRA to LTE and the Current Initiatives 101.5.1 Network Softwarization 101.5.2 LTE Technology for Public Safety Communications 101.5.3 LTE as a Public Safety Mobile Broadband Standard 111.5.4 Security Enhancements for Public Safety LTE Features 111.6 Conclusion 12References 122 Public Safety Networks Evolution Toward Broadband and Interoperability 152.1 Introduction 152.1.1 Communication Technology 152.1.2 Wireless Communication Systems 162.1.3 Government Involvement 172.2 Evolution to Broadband Systems 182.2.1 Determining Factors 192.2.2 Evolution Process 212.2.3 Broadband System Architecture 222.2.4 Advantages of Broadband Systems 252.3 Interoperability 282.3.1 Developing an Interoperability Public Safety System 282.3.2 Platform and Technology 292.3.3 Benefits of Evolution 322.4 Conclusion 332.5 Recommendations 34References 353 Public Safety Communication Evolution 373.1 Introduction 373.1.1 Public Safety Network and Emergency Communication Networks 373.2 Public Safety Standardization 393.3 Evolution of Public Safety Communication 393.3.1 Mission-Critical Voice 403.3.2 Mission-Critical Data 413.3.3 Requirements for Evolution in Communications 423.4 Public Safety Networks 433.4.1 Land Mobile Radio Systems (LMRS) 443.4.1.1 SAFECOM Interoperability Continuum 463.4.1.2 Wireless Broadband 463.4.1.3 Wi-Fi in Ambulances 473.4.1.4 Satellite Communications in EMS and Public Protection and Disaster Relief PPDR 473.4.1.5 Technology in Patrol Communications 483.4.1.6 Video Cameras 483.4.2 Drivers of the Broadband Evolution 493.5 4G and 4G LTE 503.5.1 Benefits of 4G LTE in Public Safety Communication 513.6 Fifth Generation (5G) 523.6.1 Performance Targets and Benefits of 5G 553.6.1.1 Security and Reliability 553.6.1.2 Traffic Prioritization and Network Slicing 553.6.1.3 Facial Recognition and License Plate Scanning in 5G 553.6.1.4 Support for Sensor Proliferation and IoT 563.6.1.5 Reduction of Trips Back to the Station 563.7 Applying 4G and 5G Networks in Public Safety 573.7.1 The Right Time to Implement 3GPP in Public Safety 593.7.1.1 3GPP 593.7.2 4G LTE as a Basis for Public Safety Communication Implementation 613.7.3 Implementation of 5G in Public Safety 613.8 Conclusion 61References 624 Keys to Building a Reliable Public Safety Communications Network 674.1 Introduction 674.2 Supporting the Law Enforcement Elements of Communication 674.3 Components of Efficient Public Safety Communication Networks 684.4 Networks Go Commercial 684.5 Viable Business Prospects 694.5.1 The Core Network 694.5.2 The Radio Network 694.6 The Industry Supports the Involvement of the Mobile Network Operators 704.7 Policies for Public Safety Use of Commercial Wireless Networks 714.8 Public Safety Networks Coverage: Availability and Reliability Even During Outages 724.9 FirstNet Interoperability 724.10 Solutions for Enhancing Availability and Reliability Even During Outages 734.11 National Public Safety Broadband Network (NPSBN) 734.12 Important Objectives of NPSBN 744.13 The Future of FirstNet: Connecting Networks Together 754.14 High Capacity Information Delivery 764.15 Qualities that Facilitate Efficient High Capacity Information Handling 774.15.1 FirstNet Has a Trustworthy Security System 774.15.2 Concentrated Network Performance 774.15.3 Simple and Scalable 774.15.4 High Level of Vulnerability Safeguards 774.16 FirstNet User Equipment 774.17 Core Network 784.18 Illustration: Layers of the LTE Network 784.18.1 Transport Backhaul 794.18.2 The Radio Access Networks 794.18.3 Public Safety Devices 79References 805 Higher Generation of Mobile Communications and Public Safety 815.1 Introduction 815.2 Review of Existing Public Safety Networks 815.2.1 What are LMR Systems? 825.2.2 Services Offered by LMR Systems 835.2.3 Adoption of Advanced Technologies to Supplement LMR 835.2.4 Trunked Digital Network 845.2.4.1 TETRAPOL Communication System 845.2.4.2 The TETRA Communication System 855.3 Is 4G LTE Forming a Good Enough Basis for Public Safety Implementations? 855.3.1 Multi-Path Approach and the Convergence of Mission-Critical Communication 855.3.2 Technical Aspects of LTE 865.4 Is It Better to Wait for 5G Before Starting Public Safety Implementations? 875.5 Will 5G Offer a Better Service than 4G for Public Safety? 885.5.1 The Internet of Things and 5G 885.5.2 5G Technical Aspects 895.5.3 5G Network Costs 905.5.4 Key Corner Cases for 5G 905.5.5 Localization in 5G Networks 915.6 What is the Linkage Between 4G-5G Evolution and the Spectrum for Public Safety? 915.6.1 The Linkage Between 4G-5G Evolutions 915.6.2 Spectrum for Public Safety 925.7 Conclusion 94References 956 Roadmap Toward a Network Infrastructure for Public Safety and Security 976.1 Introduction 976.2 Evolution Toward Broadband 976.2.1 Existing Situation 986.3 Requirements for Public Safety Networks 996.3.1 Network Requirements 1006.3.2 Priority Control 1006.4 Public Safety Standardization 1006.5 Flawless Mobile Broadband for Public Safety and Security 1016.6 Applications in Different Scenarios 1026.7 Public Safety Systems and Architectures 1036.7.1 Airwave 1036.7.2 LMR 1046.7.3 TETRA Security Analysis 1056.7.4 TETRA Services System 1066.7.5 The Architecture of TETRA 1066.7.5.1 The Interfaces of TETRA Network 1066.7.6 TETRA Network Components 1066.7.6.1 The Mobile Station 1086.7.6.2 TETRA Line Station 1086.7.6.3 The Switching Management Infrastructure 1086.7.6.4 Network Management Unit 1086.7.6.5 The Gateways 1086.7.6.6 How the TETRA System Operates 1086.7.7 TETRA Mobility Management 1096.7.8 The Security of TETRA Networks 1096.7.8.1 Confidentiality 1096.7.8.2 Integrity 1096.7.8.3 Reliability 1096.7.8.4 Non-repudiation 1096.7.8.5 Authentication 1106.7.9 The Process of Authentication in TETRA 1106.7.10 The Authentication Key 1106.7.11 Symmetric Key Algorithms 1106.7.12 The Process of Authentication Key Generation 1116.7.12.1 ESN (In United Kingdom) 1116.8 Emergency Services Network (ESN) in the United Kingdom 1126.8.1 Overview of the ESN 1126.8.2 The Deliverables of ESN 1126.8.3 The Main Deliverables of ESN 1126.9 SafeNet in South Korea 1136.10 FirstNet (in USA) 1156.10.1 The Benefits of FirstNet 1176.10.2 Public Safety Core of SafetyNet 1176.10.2.1 End-to-End Encryption 1176.10.3 Round the Clock Security Surveillance 1186.10.4 User Authentication 1186.10.5 Mission Critical Functionalities 1186.10.5.1 Tactical LTE Coverage 1186.11 Canadian Interoperability Technology Interest Group (CITIG) 1186.12 Centre for Disaster Management and Public Safety (CDMPS) at the University of Melbourne 1196.13 European Emergency Number Association (EENA) 1206.13.1 European Standardization Organization (ESO) 1216.13.2 Public Safety Communications - Europe (PSCE) 1216.13.3 The Critical Communications Association (TCCA) 1216.14 Public Safety Network from LTE to 5G 1226.15 Convergence Solution for LTE and TETRA for Angola's National Communications Network 1246.15.1 The Objectives of the Project 1246.15.2 Advantages of the LTE-TETRA Solutions 1246.15.3 Illustration: Before Integration and After Integration 1256.15.4 Overview of LTE Technology 1256.16 5GWireless Network and Public Safety Perspective 1266.16.1 Waiting for 5G for Public Safety Implementation 1276.17 The Linkage Between 4G and 5G Evolution 1286.17.1 Connecting 4G and 5G Solutions for Public Safety 1286.17.2 Deploying LTE Public Safety Networks 1296.18 Conclusion 129References 1307 Bringing Public Safety Communications into the 21st Century 1337.1 Emerging Technologies with Life-Saving Potential 1337.1.1 Artificial Intelligence 1347.1.2 The Internet of Things (IoT) 1367.1.3 Blockchain 138References 1398 4G LTE: The Future of Mobile Wireless Telecommunication Systems for Public Safety Networks 1418.1 Introduction 1418.2 Network Architecture 1458.3 User Equipment 1458.4 eNodeB 1458.5 Radio Access Network 1468.5.1 Gateways and Mobility Management Entities 1468.6 Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 1478.7 The Innovative Technologies 1488.8 PS-LTE and Public Safety 1518.9 PS-LTE 1528.10 Nationwide Public Safety Communication Systems 1528.11 Advantages of LTE Technology 1528.12 Driving Trends in Public Safety Communications 1538.13 Benefits of PS-LTE 1558.14 Benefits of Converged Networking in Public Safety 1578.15 Mobilizing Law Enforcement 157References 1599 4G and 5G for PS: Technology Options, Issues, and Challenges 1619.1 Introduction 1619.2 4G LTE and Public Safety Implementation 1629.2.1 Reliability 1629.2.2 Cost Effectiveness 1639.2.3 Real-Time Communication 1649.2.4 Remote Deployment and Configuration 1649.2.5 Flexibility 1649.3 Starting Public Safety Implementation Versus Waiting for 5G 1659.4 5GVersus 4G Public Safety Services 1669.4.1 Video Surveillance 1679.4.2 Computer-Driven Augmented Reality (AR) Helmet 1679.5 How 5GWill Shape Emergency Services 1679.6 4G LTE Defined Public Safety Content in 5G 1689.7 The Linkage Between 4G-5G Evolution and the Spectrum for Public Safety 1689.8 Conclusion 168References 16810 Fifth Generation (5G) Cellular Technology 17110.1 Introduction 17110.2 Background Information on Cellular Network Generations 17210.2.1 Evolution of Mobile Technologies 17210.2.1.1 First Generation (1G) 17210.2.1.2 Second Generation (2G) Mobile Network 17210.2.1.3 Third Generation (3G) Mobile Network 17210.2.1.4 Fourth Generation (4G) Mobile Network 17310.2.1.5 Fifth Generation (5G) 17310.3 Fifth Generation (5G) and the Network of Tomorrow 17410.3.1 5G Network Architecture 17610.3.2 Wireless Communication Technologies for 5G 17710.3.2.1 Massive MIMO 17710.3.2.2 Spatial Modulation 17910.3.2.3 Machine to Machine Communication (M2M) 17910.3.2.4 Visible Light Communication (VLC) 18010.3.2.5 Green Communications 18010.3.3 5G System Environment 18010.3.4 Devices Used in 5G Technology 18110.3.5 Market Standardization and Adoption of 5G Technology 18110.3.6 Security Standardization of Cloud Applications 18310.3.7 The Global ICT Standardization Forum for India (GISFI) 18410.3.8 Energy Efficiency Enhancements 18410.3.9 Virtualization in the 5G Cellular Network 18510.3.10 Key Issues in the Development Process 18510.3.10.1 Challenges of Heterogeneous Networks 18610.3.10.2 Challenges Caused by Massive MIMO Technology 18610.3.10.3 Big Data Problem 18610.3.10.4 Shared Spectrum 18610.4 Conclusion 187References 18711 Issues and Challenges of 4G and 5G for PS 18911.1 Introduction 18911.2 4G and 5GWireless Connections 19011.3 Public Safety for 5G and 4G Networks 19111.4 Issues and Challenges Regarding 5G and 4G Cellular Connections 19211.5 Threats Against Privacy 19211.6 Threats Against Integrity 19211.7 Threats Against Availability 19311.8 Attacks Against Authentication 19311.9 Various Countermeasures to 4G and 5G Public Safety Threats 194References 19412 Wireless Mesh Networking: A Key Solution for Rural and Public Safety Applications 19512.1 Introduction 19512.2 Wireless Mesh Networks 19612.3 WMN Challenges 19712.4 WMNs for Disaster Recovery and Emergency Services 19812.5 Reliability of Wireless Mesh Networks 19912.5.1 Self-configuration of Wireless Mesh Networks 19912.5.2 Fast Deployment and Low Installation Costs of Wireless Mesh Networks 19912.5.3 Voice Support of Wireless Mesh Networks 20012.6 Video/Image Support of Wireless Mesh Networks for Emergency Situations and Public Safety 20012.6.1 Video/Image Support of WMNs for Large Disasters 20012.6.2 WMNs Supporting Video Monitoring for Public Safety 20112.6.3 WMNs for Mobile Video Applications of Public Safety and Law Enforcement 20212.7 Interoperability of WMNs for Emergency Response and Public Safety Applications 20212.8 Security in Wireless Mesh Networks 20312.9 Conclusion 204References 20413 Satellite for Public Safety and Emergency Communications 20713.1 Introduction 20713.2 Contextualizing Public Safety 20813.3 Public Safety Communications Today 20813.4 Satellite Communications in Public Safety 20913.4.1 Topology and Frequency Allocation 21013.4.2 Satellite Communications 21013.4.3 Applications of LEO and GEO Satellites in Public Safety Communication 21113.4.4 Mobile Satellite Systems 21313.4.4.1 Vehicle-Mounted Mobile Satellite Communications Systems 21313.4.4.2 Emergency Communications Trailers 21613.4.4.3 Flyaway Satellite Internet Systems 21713.4.5 VoIP Phone Service Over Satellite 21813.4.6 Fixed Satellite 21913.4.7 Frequency Allocations in FSS and MSS Systems 22113.5 Limitations of Satellite for Public Safety 22213.6 Conclusion 223References 22414 Public Safety Communications Evolution: The Long Term Transition Toward a Desired Converged Future 22714.1 Introduction 22714.1.1 Toward Moving Public Safety Networks 22714.1.2 The Communication Needs of Public Safety Authorities 22714.1.3 The Nationwide Public Safety Broadband Networks 22814.1.4 Global Public Safety Community Aligning Behind LTE 23014.1.5 Understanding the Concept of E-Comm in Relation to Public Safety 23114.2 Transmission Trunking and Message Trunking 23214.2.1 Push-to-Talk Mechanisms 23314.2.2 Talk Groups and Group Calls 23314.2.3 Mobility of Radio Devices and Call Handover 23314.2.4 WarnSim: Learning About a Simulator for PSWN 23314.2.5 The Use Cases and Topologies of Public Safety Networks 23514.2.6 Standard Developments in Public Safety Networks 23814.2.7 The Future Challenges in Public Safety 24014.2.7.1 Moving Cells and Network Mobility 24014.2.7.2 Device-to-Device (D2D) Discovery and Communications 24014.2.7.3 Programmability and Flexibility 24014.2.7.4 Traffic Steering and Scheduling 24114.2.7.5 Optimization of Performance Metrics to Support Sufficient QoS 24114.2.8 Toward a Convergence Future of Public Safety Networks 24114.3 Conclusion 242References 243Index 245

O autorze

Abdulrahman Yarali, PhD, is Professor of Telecommunications Systems Management at Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky, USA. His interests focus on the higher generations of wireless mobile communications systems, small satellites, and smart grid infrastructures. He has worked in the wireless mobile communications industry as a technical advisor and engineering director, and has presented articles, lectures, and keynote presentations in mobile communications networking throughout the world.