Psychology of Language and Learning

ISBN-13: 9781468436525 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 294 str.

O. Hobart Mowrer; O. Hobart Mowrer

Opis

There are very few psychologists living today who have contributed more to the advancement of psychology, in general, and to the psychology of language and thought, in particular, than O. Hobart Mowrer. It would indeed be ludicrous to attempt to list the many and varied accomplishments and contributions that Dr. Mowrer has made to his profession over the years. Even the selected essays that are in this volume can only suggest a modicum of his remarkable, vital, and ongo ing contribution to the psychology of language and thought. Further more, the chapters in this book, which were published over a period of some twenty-five years, clearly illustrate that Dr. Mowrer was concerned not only with basic research, but that he also had an interest in its application. These chapters also point to the fact that although Dr. Mowrer's orientation was primarily that of a "behaviorist" at the onset, his constant attempts to revise knowledge in this field and broaden its scope make it virtually impossible for us to classify him as a behaviorist in the narrow meaning of that term. The chapter on mental imagery, for example, written only a few years ago, serves to illustrate this point. In addition, the Autism Theory of Speech Development (see Chapter 4), one of Dr."

Spis treści

I: From the First to the Second “Signal System”.- 1. Language and Learning: An Experimental Paradigm.- 2. Intertriai Responses as “Rehearsal”: A Study of “Overt Thinking” in Animals.- 3. Individual Learning and “Racial Experience” in the Rat, with Special Reference to Vocalization.- 4. The Autism Theory of Speech Development and Some Clinical Applications.- 5. Hearing and Speaking: An Analysis of Language Learning.- 6. Relations between Speech and Psychology: Accomplishment and Aspiration.- II: Psycholinguistics Revisited.- 7. Why All the Chafing over Chomsky?.- The Present State of Confusion in “Psycholinguistics”.- The Seminal and Still Largely Valid Early Observations of Bertrand Russell on Language: Acquisition of Word Meanings.- Amplification of Russell’s Analysis of the Reproduction of Words, as Distinct from Their Understanding, by Small Children.- A Learning-Theory Derivation of Imitation.- Evidence for (and against) the Autism Theory of Imitation, with Special Reference to the Problem of Language Acquisition.- Russell’s Approach to the Psychology of the Sentence.- The Sentence as a Special Conditioning Device.- The Linguists’ Attack on the Application of Learning Theory to the Domain of Language.- Chomsky’s Antiquated Philosophical, Antipsychological Bias.- Observations on the History of “Psycholinguis tics” and an Evaluation of the Extent and Durability of Chomsky’s Impact.- The Contemporary Situation in the Field of “Speech and Hearing” (“Communication”) as Regards the Chomskian Controversy.- The Ambiguity of Chomsky’s Present Status as a Linguist and Theoretician.- The Development of Mathematical Language.- “Out of the Mouths of Babes”.- III: Language Abuse and Psychopathology.- 8. How White Is a “White Lie?”.- 9. Truth in Communication.- 10. Stage Fright and Self-Regard.- 11. How to Talk about Your Troubles.- 12. Stuttering as Simultaneous Admission and Denial.- 13. Social Alienation and Reintegration: History and Contemporary Implications.- IV: Epilogues.- 14. The Concept of the Behavioral Mechanism in Language.- 15. Mental Imagery: An Indispensable Psychological Concept.- 16. Complete List of Author’s Publications.- Author Index.